librustc: Allow coercions through arrays.
Vim syntax file types and traits cleanup
relicense shootout-mandelbrot.rs

Part of #14248

Main authors:
- @Ryman: OK
- @TeXitoi: OK
- @pcwalton: OK

Minor authors:
- @brson: OK
- @alexcrichton: OK
- @kballard: OK

Remark: @tedhorst was a main contributor, but its contribution
disapear with @pcwalton rewrite at af4ea11
Add examples for from_utf8_owned, from_char, from_chars, from_byte
auto merge of #15301 : jasonthompson/rust/docs/str2, r=alexcrichton
Re-arrange TOC.

I'm going to move testing to be right AFTER the guessing game. I wanted it
to be borderline TDD, but I think that, since the first example is just one
file, it might be a bit overkill.

I'm doing this in its own commit to hopefully avoid merge conflicts.
Improve rustdocs for Rc, add examples
doc: Clarify that an error is a compiler error

This was asked on HN, and it's easy to clarify.
auto merge of #15308 : brson/rust/intro, r=alexcrichton

This was asked on HN, and it's easy to clarify.
auto merge of #15251 : AlisdairO/rust/master, r=alexcrichton

I've seen quite a bit of confusion around regarding the use of Rc, so I thought I'd take a stab at adding some examples.
auto merge of #15292 : alxgnon/rust/vim_syntax_cleanup, r=cmr

- Fix a couple mistakes:
  - `Ordering` is an enum, not a trait.
  - `Container` is now named `Collection`.
  - Add missing `CheckedDiv`.
  - Remove obsolete `OwnedVector`.
- Reorganize some lines to match [prelude's arrangement](http://doc.rust-lang.org/std/prelude/#reexports), making mistakes easier to spot in the future.
auto merge of #15295 : TeXitoi/rust/relicense-shootout-mandelbrot, r=brson

Part of #14248

Main authors:
- @Ryman: OK
- @TeXitoi: OK
- @pcwalton: OK

Minor authors:
- @brson: OK
- @alexcrichton: OK
- @kballard: OK

Remark: @tedhorst was a main contributor, but its contribution
disapear with @pcwalton rewrite at af4ea11

@brson OK?
Guide: variable bindings.

Whew! Who knew there was so much to say about variables.

We probably want to move the guessing game to the rust-lang org, rather than
just having it on my GitHub. Or, I could put the code inline. I think it'd be
neat to have it as a project, so people can pull it down with Cargo. Until we
make that decision, I'll just leave this here.
auto merge of #15229 : steveklabnik/rust/if, r=cmr

Whew. So much here! Feedback very welcome.

This is the first part where we actually start learning things. I'd like to think I struck a good balance of explaining enough details, without getting too bogged down, and without being confusing... but of course I'd think that. :wink: 

As I mention in the commit comment, We probably want to move the guessing game to the rust-lang org, rather than just having it on my GitHub. Or, I could put the code inline. I think it'd be neat to have it as a project, so people can pull it down with Cargo. Until we make that decision, I'll just leave this here.
rustc: Remove `&str` indexing from the language.

Being able to index into the bytes of a string encourages
poor UTF-8 hygiene. To get a view of `&[u8]` from either
a `String` or `&str` slice, use the `as_bytes()` method.

Closes #12710.

[breaking-change]
auto merge of #15069 : luqmana/rust/cia, r=pcwalton

Fixes #11205.
auto merge of #15085 : brson/rust/stridx, r=alexcrichton

Being able to index into the bytes of a string encourages
poor UTF-8 hygiene. To get a view of `&[u8]` from either
a `String` or `&str` slice, use the `as_bytes()` method.

Closes #12710.

[breaking-change]

If the diffstat is any indication this shouldn't have a huge impact but it will have some. Most changes in the `str` and `path` module. A lot of the existing usages were in tests where ascii is expected. There are a number of other legit uses where the characters are known to be ascii.
debuginfo: Make names of types in debuginfo reliable and omit source locations from debug info type descriptions.

So far, type names generated for debuginfo where a bit sketchy. It was not clearly defined when a name should be fully qualified and when not, if region parameters should be shown or not, and other things like that.
This commit makes the debuginfo module responsible for creating type names instead of using ppaux::ty_to_str() and brings type names, as they show up in the DWARF information, in line with GCC and Clang:

* The name of the type being described is unqualified. It's path is defined by its position in the namespace hierarchy.
* Type arguments are always fully qualified, no matter if they would actually be in scope at the type definition location.

Care is also taken to reliably make type names consistent across crate boundaries. That is, the code now tries make the type name the same, regardless if the type is in the local crate or reconstructed from metadata. Otherwise LLVM will complain about violating the one-definition-rule when using link-time-optimization.

This commit also removes all source location information from type descriptions because these cannot be reconstructed for types instantiated from metadata. Again, with LTO enabled, this can lead to two versions of the debuginfo type description, one with and one without source location information, which then triggers the LLVM ODR assertion.
Fortunately, source location information about types is rarely used, so this has little impact. Once source location information is preserved in metadata (#1972) it can also be reenabled for type descriptions.