Change history reduction in LMR to be a full ply.

STC:
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 9829 W: 2142 L: 1998 D: 5689

LTC:
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 27162 W: 4802 L: 4692 D: 17668

Bench: 7284120

Resolves #53
Cap evaluation based null move extra reduction to three plies

It's a zero elo patch, and a reasonable safeguard against uncontrolled extreme reductions.

STC:
ELO: -0.08 +-2.0 (95%) LOS: 46.9%
Total: 40000 W: 6728 L: 6737 D: 26535

LTC:
ELO: -0.14 +-1.8 (95%) LOS: 44.0%
Total: 40000 W: 5557 L: 5573 D: 28870

Bench: 7201830
Remove use of half-ply reductions from LMR, Null-move, IID and
Singular extensions.

STC:
ELO: 3.80 +-3.1 (95%) LOS: 99.2%
Total: 19727 W: 4190 L: 3974 D: 11563

LTC:
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 7647 W: 1356 L: 1214 D: 5077

Bench: 6545733

Resolves #55
Clean up VALUE_KNOWN_WIN conditions

A patch (+ some extra changes) passed with:

STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 14575 W: 3101 L: 2967 D: 8507

LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 42579 W: 7580 L: 7496 D: 27503

Bench: 6545733

Resolves #52
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish