Initial add of the generic optimizer code

Before digging into this code, look at the Rules implemented at the bottom of DagOptimizer.

There are several TODOS here:

- [x] After I split the code into separate files, I started hitting a scala 2.9 compiler bug, that I don't hit in 2.10. I'll try to work around, or possibly hope that Twitter finally gets on 2.9 before we need this.

- [x] Tests tests tests. I played around at the repl, but clearly we need super hardcore tests for any optimization framework.

- [ ] Actually call this code from an existing platform.
I guess this gets at the crux of the above question. So the idea is that whatever we put in can be retrieved with ANY type constructor? ie if we put in a V[Int], we could get back a V[String] and that is guaranteed to be ok?