Longlived species module

Split handling of long-lived species emissions into a new
module called longlived_mod.F. This means that CH3Br and CH4
are, theoretically, also set even when the UCX is disabled.
Geoengineering

First draft of the geoengineering module. Handles sulfates,
temperature deltas, and precipitation factors.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>
Fixed minor bugs in CH4 and geoengineering updates

Ensured that CH4_YEAR is always set and that the geoeng
met field adjustments are only compiled when the UCX is
used

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>
Fixed KPP tolerance for non-UCX runs

The GCST identified that a reduction in the relative tolerance
was necessary to run the UCX in v10-01c without KPP non-convergence
errors, but it appears this adjustment is also necessary for
the non-UCX runs. 2.d-2 is a safe value, but may be too low. This
should be fully investigated later - 5.d-2 may be sufficient.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>
Implemented SNAP-KT aerosol settling

Replaced the GMI log-normal aerosol settling factor
exp(8ln(sigma)^2) with the SNAP-KT correction from
Chen et al (2013). This should correct the problem
of excessive settling speeds observed previously.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>
Fixed AEIC NOx partitioning

AEIC and AEDT were emitting NOx as NO but using an NO2 mass basis.
Both now emit to NO, NO2 and HONO based on AEDT guidance for LTO
and cruise. This will reduce aircraft NOx by about 40%.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>
Fixed log-normal aerosol indexing in AOD calculation

Indexing of log-normal stratospheric aerosol had not been
corrected to use the new Mie data when calculating AOD.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>
Added SO4g gaseous H2SO4 tracer

Split out stratospheric SO4 into two tracers. SO4 carries the
aerosol fraction of H2SO4, while SO4g carries H2SO4 which has
evaporated. Only SO4g is vulnerable to photolysis. This has
simplified the H2SO4 photolysis mechanism somewhat. Also added
jSO4 to ND22, the J-value diagnostic.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>
Cleaned up ND71 daily max diagnostic

Made mostly cosmetic changes to the ND71 diagnostic
along with some efficiency improvements. Specifically,
only layer 1 of STT_VV is calculated if only ND71 is
being used, and AD71 now stores only requested tracers
rather than all tracers.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian D. Eastham <seastham@mit.edu>