add vagrant style build for go_segment

This PR is to build a base box for go_segment to speed up our Jenkins build times. We were not able to get the packer approach to building boxes working, because of the private SG cookbooks. Instead we used Vagrant, Berkshelf, and `vagrant package` to build the box, see the README in `go_segment_base` directory.

Let me know if there are questions or feeback, or if you prefer I PR this to a topic branch since it's so different.
You're going to miss schema changes here if you only install this once in the base box; this you probably want to move back out into the go_segment's provisioning steps.