Merge pull request #15957 from seuros/duplicate

[Postgresql tests] remove duplicate helper
Rename options param of #time_ago_in_words to match API change

Rename `include_seconds_or_options` to `options` to match 6b9356a (which removed the deprecation introduced by #6077).  This has no functional impact because the parameter is passed directly through, but makes it clearer that the parameter no longer supports a boolean as input.
Always pass a column with a type object to quote

The only case where we got a column that was not `nil`, but did not
respond to `cast_type` was when type casting the default value during
schema creation. We can look up the cast type, and add that object to
the column definition. Will allow us to consistently rely on the type
objects for type casting in all directions.
[ci skip] Add return values to examples
[ci skip] Consolidate docs for `first`

Add docs for `first` when provided a numerical argument. 

Since `first!` behaves exactly the same way but can raise an argument we can consolidate it in the `first` section.
[ci skip] Consolidate docs for `find_by`

Since `find_by!` behaves exactly the same way but can raise an argument we can consolidate it in the `find_by` section.
[ci skip] Consolidate docs for `take`

Add docs on what happens when a numerical argument is provided to take.

Since `take!` behaves exactly the same way but can raise an argument we can consolidate it in the `take` section.
[ci skip] Consolidate docs for `last`

Add docs on what happens when a numerical argument is provided to last.

Since `last!` behaves exactly the same way but can raise an argument we can consolidate it in the `last` section.
[ci skip] Consolidate docs for `find`

Put all options for overloading `find` in one section
[ci skip] Doc ability to chain in `find_each`

Also use appropriate mailer syntax in the `find_each` block.
[ci skip] Fix doc for except

The example showed is `except`, however the method "documented" is `unstop`. Fix to align the docs to the example.
[ci skip] remove invalid code from docs
Add punctuation and fix capitalization in Getting Started guide

Fix more small grammar mistakes in the [Getting Started guide](http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html#security), in sections 9 and 10.

Specifically, within sections 9.1 “Basic Authentication”, 9.2 “Other Security Considerations”, and 10 “What's Next?”.

“Rails Guides” is generally capitalized on the site, including on the linked page and in the title of the site, so I capitalized it.

“The” is not part of the name of the Ruby on Rails Security Guide – “The” is not in the title on that page.

And I added a missing period and a missing colon at the ends of two sentences.
[ci skip] Fix router option reference in 4.2 release notes.
Merge pull request #15964 from JuanitoFatas/doc/patch-01

[ci skip] Fix router option reference in 4.2 release notes.
Merge pull request #15963 from roryokane/getting-started-guide-fix-grammar

Add punctuation and fix capitalization in Getting Started guide
Merge pull request #15962 from sgrif/sg-types-for-defaults

Always pass a column with a cast_type to quote
Merge pull request #15961 from mckramer/patch-1

Rename options param of #time_ago_in_words to match API change
Quick pass through Active Support and guides CHANGELOG

[ci skip]
Tiny documentation fixes [ci skip]