Fixed #18757, #14462, #21565 -- Reworked database-python type conversions

Complete rework of translating data values from database

Deprecation of SubfieldBase, removal of resolve_columns and
convert_values in favour of a more general converter based approach and
public API Field.from_db_value(). Now works seamlessly with aggregation,
.values() and raw queries.

Thanks to akaariai in particular for extensive advice and inspiration,
also to shaib, manfre and timograham for their reviews.