Use DEPTH_MAX instead of MAX_PLY

When comparing to a Depth it is more
consistent to use DEPTH_MAX instead
of a int.

This is a subtle difference because we use
ply and depth almost interchangably in SF,
but they are different. FOr counting plies
makes ense to continue using ints, while
for Depth we have our specific enum.

This cleanly fixes a new Clang 3.5 warning:

No functional change.
Half History Max

STC
LLR: 3.35 (-2.94,2.94) [-0.50,3.50]
Total: 17993 W: 3740 L: 3508 D: 10745

LTC
LLR: 3.25 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,4.00]
Total: 21346 W: 3691 L: 3453 D: 14202

Bench: 7694316

Resolves #120
Clear token before reading from input

Previously token would keep its value from the previous line when an empty
line was input, leading to unexpected behaviour.

No functional change

Resolves #119
Use PHASE_MIDGAME in game_phase()

No functional change

Resolves #117
Fix a warning on Intel C++

warning #2259: non-pointer conversion from "int" to
"uint8_t={unsigned char}" may lose significant bits

No functional change.
Codying style in accurate PV

This is the first of a patch series to
rearrange and simplify accurate PV.

In this patch there is simple coding
style and reformatting stuff.

Verified with fishtest it does not crash
with MAX_PLY = 8

No functional change.
Fix fen output for castling rights

This is a regression from 428962a

We have to cast to char here, otherwise the compiler
interprets it as an integer, and writes a number.

No functional change

Resolves #122
Fix some comments

No functional change.

Resolves #123
Further tweak accurate pv

It is a non functional change, but because
we now skip copying of pv[] in SpNode, patch
has been tested for regression with 3 threads:

STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 54668 W: 9873 L: 9809 D: 34986

No functional change.
Fix doubled pawns asymmetry

When evaluating double pawns we use always
lsb() to extract the frontmost square.

This breaks evaluation color symmetry as is
possible to verify with an instrumented evaluate()

  Value evaluate(const Position& pos) {

    Value v = do_evaluate<false>(pos);
    Position p = pos;
    p.flip();
    assert(v == do_evaluate<false>(p));
    return v;
  }

Passed no regression test:

STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 21035 W: 4244 L: 4122 D: 12669

LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 39839 W: 6662 L: 6572 D: 26605

bench: 8255966
Amend defended

Amend defended to remove now redundant condition.

No functional change.

Resolves #125