random: backport updates from Linux master (3.13-rc4)
lib, net: make isodigit() public and use it	Andy Shevchenko
random: add debugging code to detect early use of get_random_bytes()	Theodore Ts'o
random: initialize the last_time field in struct timer_rand_state	Theodore Ts'o
random: don't zap entropy count in rand_initialize()	Theodore Ts'o
random: printk notifications for urandom pool initialization	Theodore Ts'o
random: make add_timer_randomness() fill the nonblocking pool first	Theodore Ts'o
random: convert DEBUG_ENT to tracepoints	Theodore Ts'o
random: push extra entropy to the output pools	Theodore Ts'o
random: drop trickle mode	Theodore Ts'o
random: adjust the generator polynomials in the mixing function slightly	Theodore Ts'o
random: speed up the fast_mix function by a factor of four	Theodore Ts'o
random: cap the rate which the /dev/urandom pool gets reseeded	Theodore Ts'o
random: optimize the entropy_store structure	Theodore Ts'o
random: optimize spinlock use in add_device_randomness()	Theodore Ts'o
random: fix the tracepoint for get_random_bytes(_arch)	Theodore Ts'o
random: account for entropy loss due to overwrites	H. Peter Anvin
random: allow fractional bits to be tracked	H. Peter Anvin
random: statically compute poolbitshift, poolbytes, poolbits	H. Peter Anvin
random: mix in architectural randomness earlier in extract_buf()	Theodore Ts'o
random: allow architectures to optionally define random_get_entropy()	Theodore Ts'o
random: run random_int_secret_init() run after all late_initcalls	Theodore Ts'o
char: Convert use of typedef ctl_table to struct ctl_table	Joe Perches	1
random: fix accounting race condition with lockless irq entropy_count update	Jiri Kosina
drivers/char/random.c: fix priming of last_data	Jarod Wilson
lib/string_helpers: introduce generic string_unescape	Andy Shevchenko
random: fix locking dependency with the tasklist_lock	Theodore Ts'o
locking: Various static lock initializer fixes	Thomas Gleixner
random: prime last_data value per fips requirements	Jarod Wilson
random: fix debug format strings	Jiri Kosina
random: make it possible to enable debugging without rebuild	Jiri Kosina
random: mix in architectural randomness in extract_buf()	H. Peter Anvin
random: Add comment to random_initialize()	Tony Luck
random: add tracepoints for easier debugging and verification	Theodore Ts'o

Conflicts:
	drivers/char/random.c
random: fix typos / spelling errors in comments

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: fix comment on proc_do_uuid

There's only one function here now, as uuid_strategy is long gone.
Also make the bit about "If accesses via ..." clearer.

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: fix description of get_random_bytes

After this remark was written, commit d2e7c96af added a use of
arch_get_random_long() inside the get_random_bytes codepath.
The main point stands, but it needs to be reworded.

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: simplify loop in random_read

The loop condition never changes until just before a break, so we
might as well write it as a constant.  Also since a996996dd75a
("random: drop weird m_time/a_time manipulation") we don't do anything
after the loop finishes, so the 'break's might as well return
directly.  Some other simplifications.

There should be no change in behavior introduced by this commit.

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: fix comment on "account"

This comment didn't quite keep up as extract_entropy() was split into
four functions.  Put each bit by the function it describes.

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: simplify accounting logic

This logic is exactly equivalent to the old logic, but it should
be easier to see what it's doing.

The equivalence depends on one fact from outside this function:
when 'r->limit' is false, 'reserved' is zero.  (Well, two facts;
the other is that 'reserved' is never negative.)

Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: entropy_bytes is actually bits

The variable 'entropy_bytes' is set from an expression that actually
counts bits.  Fortunately it's also only compared to values that also
count bits.  Rename it accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: forget lock in lockless accounting

The only mutable data accessed here is ->entropy_count, but since
10b3a32d2 ("random: fix accounting race condition") we use cmpxchg to
protect our accesses to ->entropy_count here.  Drop the use of the
lock.

Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: tighten bound on random_read_wakeup_thresh

We use this value in a few places other than its literal meaning,
in particular in _xfer_secondary_pool() as a minimum number of
bits to pull from the input pool at a time into either output
pool.  It doesn't make sense to pull more bits than the whole size
of an output pool.

We could and possibly should separate the quantities "how much
should the input pool have to have to wake up /dev/random readers"
and "how much should we transfer from the input to an output pool
at a time", but nobody is likely to be sad they can't set the first
quantity to more than 1024 bits, so for now just limit them both.

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: simplify accounting code

With this we handle "reserved" in just one place.  As a bonus the
code becomes less nested, and the "wakeup_write" flag variable
becomes unnecessary.  The variable "flags" was already unused.

This code behaves identically to the previous version except in
two pathological cases that don't occur.  If the argument "nbytes"
is already less than "min", then we didn't previously enforce
"min".  If r->limit is false while "reserved" is nonzero, then we
previously applied "reserved" in checking whether we had enough
bits, even though we don't apply it to actually limit how many we
take.  The callers of account() never exercise either of these cases.

Before the previous commit, it was possible for "nbytes" to be less
than "min" if userspace chose a pathological configuration, but no
longer.

Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: clarify bits/bytes in wakeup thresholds

These are a recurring cause of confusion, so rename them to
hopefully be clearer.

Signed-off-by: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: use the architectural HWRNG for the SHA's IV in extract_buf()

To help assuage the fears of those who think the NSA can introduce a
massive hack into the instruction decode and out of order execution
engine in the CPU without hundreds of Intel engineers knowing about
it (only one of which woud need to have the conscience and courage of
Edward Snowden to spill the beans to the public), use the HWRNG to
initialize the SHA starting value, instead of xor'ing it in
afterwards.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
random: fix BUG_ON caused by accounting simplification

Commit ee1de406ba6eb1 ("random: simplify accounting logic") simplified
things too much, in that it allows the following to trigger an
overflow that results in a BUG_ON crash:

dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/zero bs=67108707 count=1

Thanks to Peter Zihlstra for discovering the crash, and Hannes
Frederic for analyizing the root cause.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reported-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
random: convert use of typedef ctl_table to struct ctl_table

This typedef is unnecessary and should just be removed.

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
random: fix nasty entropy accounting bug

Commit 0fb7a01af5b0 "random: simplify accounting code", introduced in
v3.15, has a very nasty accounting problem when the entropy pool has
has fewer bytes of entropy than the number of requested reserved
bytes.  In that case, "have_bytes - reserved" goes negative, and since
size_t is unsigned, the expression:

       ibytes = min_t(size_t, ibytes, have_bytes - reserved);

... does not do the right thing.  This is rather bad, because it
defeats the catastrophic reseeding feature in the
xfer_secondary_pool() path.

It also can cause the "BUG: spinlock trylock failure on UP" for some
kernel configurations when prandom_reseed() calls get_random_bytes()
in the early init, since when the entropy count gets corrupted,
credit_entropy_bits() erroneously believes that the nonblocking pool
has been fully initialized (when in fact it is not), and so it calls
prandom_reseed(true) recursively leading to the spinlock BUG.

The logic is *not* the same it was originally, but in the cases where
it matters, the behavior is the same, and the resulting code is
hopefully easier to read and understand.

Fixes: 0fb7a01af5b0 "random: simplify accounting code"
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org  #v3.15
random: check for increase of entropy_count because of signed conversion

The expression entropy_count -= ibytes << (ENTROPY_SHIFT + 3) could
actually increase entropy_count if during assignment of the unsigned
expression on the RHS (mind the -=) we reduce the value modulo
2^width(int) and assign it to entropy_count. Trinity found this.

[ Commit modified by tytso to add an additional safety check for a
  negative entropy_count -- which should never happen, and to also add
  an additional paranoia check to prevent overly large count values to
  be passed into urandom_read().  ]

Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org