Added a failing test for #2626

Here is a test reproducing the issue reported in #2626

Note that requiring ``1.0.*`` for ``a/a`` (i.e. the alias package) will work fine for the replacement.

I'm quite sure this is caused by the optimization done in https://github.com/composer/composer/pull/2326 : the alias package is not added to the providing packages for ``c/c:1.0.*`` (maybe not even to the pool)