Use mktemp for temporary download directory

Using the current directory may not always be appropriate, for example in
the case where it will unnecessarily trigger a backup to be made.

The only risk with this change is that systems might not have a mktemp.
I am not aware of such a system, but have not tested on Windows. It is
working on a basic Ubuntu and OS X installation.
Fall back to hard coded download directory

If mktemp fails, fall back to a hard coded directory, per @nodakai's feedback.
Add test for #18908
Special-case transmute for primitive, SIMD & pointer types.

This detects (a subset of) the cases when `transmute::<T, U>(x)` can be
lowered to a direct `bitcast T x to U` in LLVM. This assists with
efficiently handling a SIMD vector as multiple different types,
e.g. swapping bytes/words/double words around inside some larger vector
type.

C compilers like GCC and Clang handle integer vector types as `__m128i`
for all widths, and implicitly insert bitcasts as required. This patch
allows Rust to express this, even if it takes a bit of `unsafe`, whereas
previously it was impossible to do at all without inline assembly.

Example:

    pub fn reverse_u32s(u: u64x2) -> u64x2 {
        unsafe {
            let tmp = mem::transmute::<_, u32x4>(u);
            let swapped = u32x4(tmp.3, tmp.2, tmp.1, tmp.0);
            mem::transmute::<_, u64x2>(swapped)
        }
    }

Compiling with `--opt-level=3` gives:

Before

    define <2 x i64> @_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE(<2 x i64>) unnamed_addr #0 {
    entry-block:
      %1 = bitcast <2 x i64> %0 to i128
      %u.0.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %1 to i32
      %u.4.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 32
      %u.4.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.4.extract.shift to i32
      %u.8.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 64
      %u.8.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.8.extract.shift to i32
      %u.12.extract.shift = lshr i128 %1, 96
      %u.12.extract.trunc = trunc i128 %u.12.extract.shift to i32
      %2 = insertelement <4 x i32> undef, i32 %u.12.extract.trunc, i64 0
      %3 = insertelement <4 x i32> %2, i32 %u.8.extract.trunc, i64 1
      %4 = insertelement <4 x i32> %3, i32 %u.4.extract.trunc, i64 2
      %5 = insertelement <4 x i32> %4, i32 %u.0.extract.trunc, i64 3
      %6 = bitcast <4 x i32> %5 to <2 x i64>
      ret <2 x i64> %6
    }

    _ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE:
    	.cfi_startproc
    	movd	%xmm0, %rax
    	punpckhqdq	%xmm0, %xmm0
    	movd	%xmm0, %rcx
    	movq	%rcx, %rdx
    	shrq	$32, %rdx
    	movq	%rax, %rsi
    	shrq	$32, %rsi
    	movd	%eax, %xmm0
    	movd	%ecx, %xmm1
    	punpckldq	%xmm0, %xmm1
    	movd	%esi, %xmm2
    	movd	%edx, %xmm0
    	punpckldq	%xmm2, %xmm0
    	punpckldq	%xmm1, %xmm0
    	retq

After

    define <2 x i64> @_ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE(<2 x i64>) unnamed_addr #0 {
    entry-block:
      %1 = bitcast <2 x i64> %0 to <4 x i32>
      %2 = shufflevector <4 x i32> %1, <4 x i32> undef, <4 x i32> <i32 3, i32 2, i32 1, i32 0>
      %3 = bitcast <4 x i32> %2 to <2 x i64>
      ret <2 x i64> %3
    }

    _ZN12reverse_u32s20hbdb206aba18a03d8tbaE:
    	.cfi_startproc
    	pshufd	$27, %xmm0, %xmm0
    	retq
libcore: Fix `Sized` bounds on overloaded function traits.

- Remove the `for Sized?` bound on `core::ops::FnOnce`, as it takes
  `self` by value and can never be implemented by an unsized type.
- Add a missing `Sized?` bound to the blanket `core::ops::FnMut` impl,
  as both `Fn` and `FnMut` are `for Sized?`.
fix 404
work around portability issue on FreeBSD, in which the key returned from
pthread_key_create can be 0.
prefer "FIXME" to "TODO".
librustc: Fix debuginfo for captured variables in non-FnOnce unboxed closures.
Correct minor typos on the ownership guide.

liftimes -> lifetimes
Typo
Feature-gate explicit unboxed closure method calls & manual impls,
detect UFCS drop and allow UFCS methods to have explicit type parameters.

Work towards #18875.

Since code could previously call the methods & implement the traits
manually, this is a

[breaking-change]

Closes #19586. Closes #19375.
Implement lifetime elision for Foo(...) -> ... type sugar.

This means that `Fn(&A) -> (&B, &C)` is equivalent to `for<'a> Fn(&'a A)
-> (&'a B, &'a C)` similar to the lifetime elision of lower-case `fn` in
types and declarations.

Closes #18992.
Add a doctest for BTreeMap's iter method.
- Support gcc-less installation on Windows.  To do so in unattended mode run:`<intaller>.exe /TYPE=compact /SILENT`.
- Do not require admin privileges to install.
Fix false positive alerts from a run-pass test on Command.

Reported as a part of rust-lang/rust#19120

The logic of rust-lang/rust@74fb798a200dc82cf5b4a18065e3ea565229adc3 was
flawed because when a CI tool run the test parallely with other tasks,
they all belong to a single session family and the test may pick up
irrelevant zombie processes before they are reaped by the CI tool
depending on timing.

Also, panic! inside a loop over all children makes the logic simpler.

By not destructing the return values of Command::spawn() until
find_zombies() finishes, I believe we can conduct a slightly stricter
test.

Signed-off-by: NODA, Kai <nodakai@gmail.com>
Add missing semicolon to hello world program in intro.
remove usage of notrust from the docs

Fixes #19599
Correct the reference with regards to floats

Fixes #19595.
Add enum namespacing to the Guide.

Closes #19556.