URL-safe Base64 for use in routes and params

Two questions:
1) I used `Base64.urlsafe_encode64` instead because that seemed to make sense, that ok?
2) Should it locate with a base64 encoded signed gid? If so, I can add another commit for that.
Consider doing the base64 decoding in `parse` instead, so people can call `GlobalID.parse encoded_gid` directly.