[2.4][HttpKernel] Fix issue #10209

When the profiler has `only_exception` option activated and a subrequest which
throw an exception, the parent profile cannot be found.

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | yes
| New feature?  | no
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| License       | MIT

Fix issue #10209