=con #15440 Add invariant checks to ClusterSharding state

* I suspect that the issue #15440 happens because of replay of events
  in wrong order (ShardHomeAllocated received before ShardRegionRegistered)
  by the hbase journal
* This does not fix that issue, but the additional invariant checks and
  debug statements  would perhaps make it easier for us to diagnose such
  issues
* These changes also ensures that the allocation strategy does not return
  the wrong thing.
* It also tightens a possible error if a region is terminated while a
  rebalance is in progress
`this` is the `State`, i.e. all shards and regions