Adds functionality for splitting a number of hosts

Added a function called RandomPlacement which takes a number of hosts
and a seed.  It splits the number of hosts into 192 buckets (number of
buckets is specified in parameters.go as REQUIREDTOFILL).  It splits
them according to the seed.

added:
	randomplacement.go
modified:
	parameters.go
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/Siacoin/Sia

Conflicts:
	src/common/parameters.go
Functionality for splitting hosts given a seed

Adds function RandomPlacement which takes a number of hosts
and a seed.  The hosts are split among 192 buckets (size is
specified in common/parameters.go as REQUIREDTOFILL) accoreding
to the seed that is given.  The slice of ints (buckets) is returned.

new file:
	quorum/randomplacement.go
Deleted swarm

moved all files in swarm to quorum
Removed parameters.go and updated randomplacement.go

Renamed variables in randomplacement.go to conform to new usage
of quorum and common.go

deleted:
	src/common/parameters.go
modified:
	src/quorum/randomplacement.go
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/Siacoin/Sia
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/Siacoin/Sia
Fixed randomplacement

Changed QUORUMSIZE to QuorumSize

modified:
	randomplacement.go
Merge https://github.com/Siacoin/Sia
remove participantIndex as a special type
Operational Quorum

To see the quorum in action, reduce the constants to something
reasonable (say QuorumSize = 4 and StepDuration = 3 seconds) and then
start a bunch of servers (./bin/server) on different ports.

There's a weird seg faulting problem and I don't know what's causing it.
Merge https://github.com/Siacoin/Sia
Added function to randomly split given number into slice

Added function called RandomPlacement which takes a number and
splits it into a given size randomly using the function randInt
located in state.go.  The size of the slice is given by common.QuorumSize

added:
	src/quorum/randomplacement.go
	src/quorum/randomplacement_test.go
blegh
Updated RandomPlacement to account for more corner cases

The function was not originally checking for negative numbers.
Now throws an error when a negative number is given.

modified:
	src/quorum/randomplacement.go
	src/quorum/randomplacement_test.go
Updated test file for randomplacement

Added check to make sure the sum of the buckets is the
same as the number given

modified src/quorum/randomplacement_test.go
big changes no promises @Luke
fix typo
add some testing, fix some bugs
add testing for encoding of singed heartbeats