x86: slightly better debuggable bincode

While tracking down an error in #1253 I ameded newlib a bit to be
slightly better debuggable. Some lengthy macros were removed in favor of
proper functions.

The parameter passing was wrong before (because of a bug in newlib),
because the user provided CFLAGS were overwritten in the subfolders.
It is kinda strange that this did not cause errors.

The standalone version of the toolchain script was deleted, because it
is not reasonable to maintain two scripts.
x86: Use 'versioning' for precompiled newlib
make: detect their module name automatically

For many modules the `Makefile` contains a line like
```
MODULE:=$(shell basename $(CURDIR))
```
This conclusively shows that we do not have to set the module name
manually.

This PR removes the need to set the module name manually, if it is the
same as the basename. E.g. for `…/sys/vtimer/Makefile` the variable
make `MODULE` will still be `vtimer`, because it is the basename of the
Makefile.
make: easifier usage of module subdirectories

Many modules have subdirectories. Often these subdirectories should only
be included under certain circumstances. Modules that use submodules
currently need to use this pattern:

```make
DIRS = …

all: $(BINDIR)$(MODULE).a
   @for i in $(DIRS) ; do $(MAKE) -C $$i ; done ;

include $(RIOTBASE)/Makefile.base

clean::
   @for i in $(DIRS) ; do $(MAKE) -C $$i clean ; done ;
```

This PR moves the `all:` and `clean::` boilerplate into `Makefile.base`.
Merge pull request #1324 from Kijewski/make-automatic-module-name

make: much less clutter for "standard layout" modules
Merge pull request #1254 from Kijewski/x86-newlib-nicer-patches

x86: slightly better debuggable bincode
added conv function from uint64 to timex_t and one minor bug fix
Merge pull request #1299 from phiros/timex_bugfix_and_improvement

Timex bugfix and improvement