Form option type checks

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | yes
| New feature?  | no
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | none
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | none

Follow-up to #11696. Some of the built-in form types allowed passing invalid options, which lead to errors that were not so easy to understand. This PR adds needed checks where applicable.

Allowed types in `TimeType`'s `empty_value` option were taken from the documentation.