Implement and use locale-independent strtod function

It is called strtod_c and internally uses strtod_l on OSX and Linux.
On Windows a function derived from the python source code is used
that replaces the decimal delimiter by the locale one and calls the
standard strtod function.
Add missing .\ methods for arrays and numbers. Remove some obsolete methods.
Merge pull request #6126 from JuliaLang/anj/arraydiv

Add missing .\ methods for arrays and numbers. Remove some obsolete methods.
Add reference to Bunch-Kaufman
implement #= ... =# multiline comments (fix #69)
doc of scale: replace scale! with scale in text.
doc: bump copyright year
improve type of collect, add eltype() for EachLine. closes #6114
Merge pull request #6128 from stevengj/multiline-comments

WIP: implement #= ... =# multiline comments
document multiple line comment syntax (Ref: #6128)
Sublime support for new block/multiline comments
doc: tweaks for new 0.3 theme
support #=# self-closing comments from #6128, but only because it requires less code
Make version_git.sh work on older versions of git.

The --count option to git-rev-list was introduced in git version 1.7.x
for 1 < x < 12. When base/version_git.sh is run on versions of git
without this option, a long help message is generated (cluttering up
make output) and generating an incorrect base/version_git.jl.
version_git.sh: cope with wcs that emit whitespace.

Some versions of wc (notably the one supplied by OS X) prepend
whitespace to the output of `wc -l`, breaking the indentation of the
generated version_git.jl. We strip this using only tr(1) features
specified in
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/tr.html.
Replace calls to tr with calls to sed

We're already using sed elsewhere in the script.
support nested #= ... =# for #6128, as noted by @carlobaldassi
NEWS formatting glitch
Remove hard-coded Windows installation paths

- For Git, shouldn't need to look in Program Files since Windows Julia bundles Git.
- MinGW is a build-time dependency, not a user dependency. These path additions were the only reason test/spawn.jl could ever execute successfully outside of MSYS. This is a problem that can be addressed separately, and the solution should not rely on a hard-coded installation path of MSYS1.
- Python should only be needed by packages, or at build time for LLVM. Wouldn't a better solution involve PYTHONPATH or PYTHONHOME, or manage this on a package level when Python is required?
compile simple loop conditions twice for a more efficient branch structure

I didn't think this would matter, but it actually makes a big difference
to LLVM. fixes #5469

with this, I believe no changes to Range1 are needed for performance.