[SPARK-2075][Core] Make the compiler generate same bytes code for Hadoop 1.+ and Hadoop 2.+

`NullWritable` is a `Comparable` rather than `Comparable[NullWritable]` in Hadoop 1.+, so the compiler cannot find an implicit Ordering for it. It will generate different anonymous classes for `saveAsTextFile` in Hadoop 1.+ and Hadoop 2.+. Therefore, here we provide an Ordering for NullWritable so that the compiler will generate same codes.

I used the following commands to confirm the generated byte codes are some.
```
mvn -Dhadoop.version=1.2.1 -DskipTests clean package -pl core -am
javap -private -c -classpath core/target/scala-2.10/classes org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD > ~/hadoop1.txt

mvn -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.2 -Dhadoop.version=2.2.0 -DskipTests clean package -pl core -am
javap -private -c -classpath core/target/scala-2.10/classes org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD > ~/hadoop2.txt

diff ~/hadoop1.txt ~/hadoop2.txt
```

However, the compiler will generate different codes for the classes which call methods of `JobContext/TaskAttemptContext`. `JobContext/TaskAttemptContext` is a class in Hadoop 1.+, and calling its method will use `invokevirtual`, while it's an interface in Hadoop 2.+, and will use `invokeinterface`.

To fix it, we can use reflection to call `JobContext/TaskAttemptContext.getConfiguration`.

Author: zsxwing <zsxwing@gmail.com>

Closes #3740 from zsxwing/SPARK-2075 and squashes the following commits:

39d9df2 [zsxwing] Fix the code style
e4ad8b5 [zsxwing] Use null for the implicit Ordering
734bac9 [zsxwing] Explicitly set the implicit parameters
ca03559 [zsxwing] Use reflection to access JobContext/TaskAttemptContext.getConfiguration
fa40db0 [zsxwing] Add an Ordering for NullWritable to make the compiler generate same byte codes for RDD
[SPARK-4918][Core] Reuse Text in saveAsTextFile

Reuse Text in saveAsTextFile to reduce GC.

/cc rxin

Author: zsxwing <zsxwing@gmail.com>

Closes #3762 from zsxwing/SPARK-4918 and squashes the following commits:

59f03eb [zsxwing] Reuse Text in saveAsTextFile
[SPARK-4915][YARN] Fix classname to be specified for external shuffle service.

Author: Tsuyoshi Ozawa <ozawa.tsuyoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>

Closes #3757 from oza/SPARK-4915 and squashes the following commits:

3b0d6d6 [Tsuyoshi Ozawa] Fix classname to be specified for external shuffle service.
[SPARK-4870] Add spark version to driver log

Author: Zhang, Liye <liye.zhang@intel.com>

Closes #3717 from liyezhang556520/version2Log and squashes the following commits:

ccd30d7 [Zhang, Liye] delete log in sparkConf
330f70c [Zhang, Liye] move the log from SaprkConf to SparkContext
96dc115 [Zhang, Liye] remove curly brace
e833330 [Zhang, Liye] add spark version to driver log
[SPARK-4883][Shuffle] Add a name to the directoryCleaner thread

Author: zsxwing <zsxwing@gmail.com>

Closes #3734 from zsxwing/SPARK-4883 and squashes the following commits:

e6f2b61 [zsxwing] Fix the name
cc74727 [zsxwing] Add a name to the directoryCleaner thread
[Minor] Improve some code in BroadcastTest for short

Using
    val arr1 = (0 until num).toArray
instead of
    val arr1 = new Array[Int](num)
    for (i <- 0 until arr1.length) {
      arr1(i) = i
    }
for short.

Author: carlmartin <carlmartinmax@gmail.com>

Closes #3750 from SaintBacchus/BroadcastTest and squashes the following commits:

43adb70 [carlmartin] Improve some code in BroadcastTest for short
[SPARK-4733] Add missing prameter comments in ShuffleDependency

Add missing Javadoc comments in ShuffleDependency.

Author: Takeshi Yamamuro <linguin.m.s@gmail.com>

Closes #3594 from maropu/DependencyJavadocFix and squashes the following commits:

32129b4 [Takeshi Yamamuro] Fix comments in @aggregator and @mapSideCombine
303c75d [Takeshi Yamamuro] [SPARK-4733] Add missing prameter comments in ShuffleDependency
SPARK-4447. Remove layers of abstraction in YARN code no longer needed after dropping yarn-alpha

Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>

Closes #3652 from sryza/sandy-spark-4447 and squashes the following commits:

2791158 [Sandy Ryza] Review feedback
c23507b [Sandy Ryza] Strip margin from client arguments help string
18be7ba [Sandy Ryza] SPARK-4447
[SPARK-4079] [CORE] Consolidates Errors if a CompressionCodec is not available

This commit consolidates some of the exceptions thrown if compression codecs are not available. If a bad configuration string was passed in, a ClassNotFoundException was through. Also, if Snappy was not available, it would throw an InvocationTargetException when the codec was being used (not when it was being initialized). Now, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown when a codec is not available at creation time - either because the class does not exist or the codec itself is not available in the system. This will allow us to have a better message and fail faster.

Author: Kostas Sakellis <kostas@cloudera.com>

Closes #3119 from ksakellis/kostas-spark-4079 and squashes the following commits:

9709c7c [Kostas Sakellis] Removed unnecessary Logging class
63bfdd0 [Kostas Sakellis] Removed isAvailable to preserve binary compatibility
1d0ef2f [Kostas Sakellis] [SPARK-4079] [CORE] Added more information to exception
64f3d27 [Kostas Sakellis] [SPARK-4079] [CORE] Code review feedback
52dfa8f [Kostas Sakellis] [SPARK-4079] [CORE] Default to LZF if Snappy not available
[SPARK-4864] Add documentation to Netty-based configs

Author: Aaron Davidson <aaron@databricks.com>

Closes #3713 from aarondav/netty-configs and squashes the following commits:

8a8b373 [Aaron Davidson] Address Patrick's comments
3b1f84e [Aaron Davidson] [SPARK-4864] Add documentation to Netty-based configs
[Minor] Fix scala doc

Minor fix for an obvious scala doc error.

Author: Liang-Chi Hsieh <viirya@gmail.com>

Closes #3751 from viirya/fix_scaladoc and squashes the following commits:

03fddaa [Liang-Chi Hsieh] Fix scala doc.
[SPARK-4920][UI]:current spark version in UI is not striking.

It is not convenient to see the Spark version. We can keep the same style with Spark website.

![spark_version](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/7402327/5527025/1c8c721c-8a35-11e4-8d6a-2734f3c6bdf8.jpg)

Author: genmao.ygm <genmao.ygm@alibaba-inc.com>

Closes #3763 from uncleGen/master-clean-141222 and squashes the following commits:

0dcb9a9 [genmao.ygm] [SPARK-4920][UI]:current spark version in UI is not striking.
[SPARK-4818][Core] Add 'iterator' to reduce memory consumed by join

In Scala, `map` and `flatMap` of `Iterable` will copy the contents of `Iterable` to a new `Seq`. Such as,
```Scala
  val iterable = Seq(1, 2, 3).map(v => {
    println(v)
    v
  })
  println("Iterable map done")

  val iterator = Seq(1, 2, 3).iterator.map(v => {
    println(v)
    v
  })
  println("Iterator map done")
```
outputed
```
1
2
3
Iterable map done
Iterator map done
```
So we should use 'iterator' to reduce memory consumed by join.

Found by Johannes Simon in http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/spark-user/201412.mbox/%3C5BE70814-9D03-4F61-AE2C-0D63F2DE4446%40mail.de%3E

Author: zsxwing <zsxwing@gmail.com>

Closes #3671 from zsxwing/SPARK-4824 and squashes the following commits:

48ee7b9 [zsxwing] Remove the explicit types
95d59d6 [zsxwing] Add 'iterator' to reduce memory consumed by join
[SPARK-4907][MLlib] Inconsistent loss and gradient in LeastSquaresGradient compared with R

In most of the academic paper and algorithm implementations,
people use L = 1/2n ||A weights-y||^2 instead of L = 1/n ||A weights-y||^2
for least-squared loss. See Eq. (1) in http://web.stanford.edu/~hastie/Papers/glmnet.pdf

Since MLlib uses different convention, this will result different residuals and
all the stats properties will be different from GLMNET package in R.

The model coefficients will be still the same under this change.

Author: DB Tsai <dbtsai@alpinenow.com>

Closes #3746 from dbtsai/lir and squashes the following commits:

19c2e85 [DB Tsai] make stepsize twice to converge to the same solution
0b2c29c [DB Tsai] first commit
[Docs] Minor typo fixes

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #3772 from nchammas/patch-1 and squashes the following commits:

b7d9083 [Nicholas Chammas] [Docs] Minor typo fixes
[SPARK-4890] Ignore downloaded EC2 libs

PR #3737 changed `spark-ec2` to automatically download boto from PyPI. This PR tell git to ignore those downloaded library files.

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #3770 from nchammas/ignore-ec2-lib and squashes the following commits:

5c440d3 [Nicholas Chammas] gitignore downloaded EC2 libs
[SPARK-4931][Yarn][Docs] Fix the format of running-on-yarn.md

Currently, the format about log4j in running-on-yarn.md is a bit messy.

![running-on-yarn](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/1000778/5535248/204c4b64-8ab4-11e4-83c3-b4722ea0ad9d.png)

Author: zsxwing <zsxwing@gmail.com>

Closes #3774 from zsxwing/SPARK-4931 and squashes the following commits:

4a5f853 [zsxwing] Fix the format of running-on-yarn.md
[SPARK-4834] [standalone] Clean up application files after app finishes.

Commit 7aacb7bfa added support for sharing downloaded files among multiple
executors of the same app. That works great in Yarn, since the app's directory
is cleaned up after the app is done.

But Spark standalone mode didn't do that, so the lock/cache files created
by that change were left around and could eventually fill up the disk hosting
/tmp.

To solve that, create app-specific directories under the local dirs when
launching executors. Multiple executors launched by the same Worker will
use the same app directories, so they should be able to share the downloaded
files. When the application finishes, a new message is sent to all workers
telling them the application has finished; once that message has been received,
and all executors registered for the application shut down, then those
directories will be cleaned up by the Worker.

Note: Unit testing this is hard (if even possible), since local-cluster mode
doesn't seem to leave the Master/Worker daemons running long enough after
`sc.stop()` is called for the clean up protocol to take effect.

Author: Marcelo Vanzin <vanzin@cloudera.com>

Closes #3705 from vanzin/SPARK-4834 and squashes the following commits:

b430534 [Marcelo Vanzin] Remove seemingly unnecessary synchronization.
50eb4b9 [Marcelo Vanzin] Review feedback.
c0e5ea5 [Marcelo Vanzin] [SPARK-4834] [standalone] Clean up application files after app finishes.
[SPARK-4932] Add help comments in Analytics

Trivial modifications for usability.

Author: Takeshi Yamamuro <linguin.m.s@gmail.com>

Closes #3775 from maropu/AddHelpCommentInAnalytics and squashes the following commits:

fbea8f5 [Takeshi Yamamuro] Add help comments in Analytics
[SPARK-4914][Build] Cleans lib_managed before compiling with Hive 0.13.1

This PR tries to fix the Hive tests failure encountered in PR #3157 by cleaning `lib_managed` before building assembly jar against Hive 0.13.1 in `dev/run-tests`. Otherwise two sets of datanucleus jars would be left in `lib_managed` and may mess up class paths while executing Hive test suites. Please refer to [this thread] [1] for details. A clean build would be even safer, but we only clean `lib_managed` here to save build time.

This PR also takes the chance to clean up some minor typos and formatting issues in the comments.

[1]: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/3157#issuecomment-67656488

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Author: Cheng Lian <lian@databricks.com>

Closes #3756 from liancheng/clean-lib-managed and squashes the following commits:

e2bd21d [Cheng Lian] Adds lib_managed to clean set
c9f2f3e [Cheng Lian] Cleans lib_managed before compiling with Hive 0.13.1