Upgrade LLVM for segmented stacks on thumb

This updates the LLVM submodule to the `rust-llvm-2014-02-19` tag which is the
old one with https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm/pull/4 cherry-picked on top.

Awesome job by @neykov for this!
Update comments in the prelude

The comments say that the prelude imports std::io::println since it would
be annoying to have to import it in every program that uses it. However,
the prelude doesn't actually import that function anymore. So, update the
comments to better match reality.
move enum_set to libcollections. #8784
rustc: avoid compiler generated `unsafe` blocks leaking.

Previously an `unsafe` block created by the compiler (like those in the
formatting macros) would be "ignored" if surrounded by `unsafe`, that
is, the internal unsafety would be being legitimised by the external
block:

    unsafe { println!("...") } =(expansion)=> unsafe { ... unsafe { ... } }

And the code in the inner block would be using the outer block, making
it considered used (and the inner one considered unused).

This patch forces the compiler to create a new unsafe context for
compiler generated blocks, so that their internal unsafety doesn't
escape to external blocks.

Fixes #12418.
ptr::RawPtr, spell out units used for the `offset` argument.

spell out units used for the `offset` argument, so that callers do not
try to scale to byte units themselves.
Mass rename if_ok! to try!

This "bubble up an error" macro was originally named if_ok! in order to get it
landed, but after the fact it was discovered that this name is not exactly
desirable.

The name `if_ok!` isn't immediately clear that is has much to do with error
handling, and it doesn't look fantastic in all contexts (if if_ok!(...) {}). In
general, the agreed opinion about `if_ok!` is that is came in as subpar.

The name `try!` is more invocative of error handling, it's shorter by 2 letters,
and it looks fitting in almost all circumstances. One concern about the word
`try!` is that it's too invocative of exceptions, but the belief is that this
will be overcome with documentation and examples.

Close #12037
auto merge of #12401 : alexcrichton/rust/if-ok-2-try, r=brson

This "bubble up an error" macro was originally named if_ok! in order to get it
landed, but after the fact it was discovered that this name is not exactly
desirable.

The name `if_ok!` isn't immediately clear that is has much to do with error
handling, and it doesn't look fantastic in all contexts (if if_ok!(...) {}). In
general, the agreed opinion about `if_ok!` is that is came in as subpar.

The name `try!` is more invocative of error handling, it's shorter by 2 letters,
and it looks fitting in almost all circumstances. One concern about the word
`try!` is that it's too invocative of exceptions, but the belief is that this
will be overcome with documentation and examples.

Close #12037
Re-work loading crates with nicer errors

This commit rewrites crate loading internally in attempt to look at less
metadata and provide nicer errors. The loading is now split up into a few
stages:

1. Collect a mapping of (hash => ~[Path]) for a set of candidate libraries for a
   given search. The hash is the hash in the filename and the Path is the
   location of the library in question. All candidates are filtered based on
   their prefix/suffix (dylib/rlib appropriate) and then the hash/version are
   split up and are compared (if necessary).

   This means that if you're looking for an exact hash of library you don't have
   to open up the metadata of all libraries named the same, but also in your
   path.

2. Once this mapping is constructed, each (hash, ~[Path]) pair is filtered down
   to just a Path. This is necessary because the same rlib could show up twice
   in the path in multiple locations. Right now the filenames are based on just
   the crate id, so this could be indicative of multiple version of a crate
   during one crate_id lifetime in the path. If multiple duplicate crates are
   found, an error is generated.

3. Now that we have a mapping of (hash => Path), we error on multiple versions
   saying that multiple versions were found. Only if there's one (hash => Path)
   pair do we actually return that Path and its metadata.

With this restructuring, it restructures code so errors which were assertions
previously are now first-class errors. Additionally, this should read much less
metadata with lots of crates of the same name or same version in a path.

Closes #11908
auto merge of #12164 : alexcrichton/rust/rlibs-and-dylibs, r=cmr

The first commit improves error messages during linking, and the second commit improves error messages during crate-loading time.

Closes #12297
Closes #12377
Changed NonCamelCaseTypes lint to warn by default

Added allow(non_camel_case_types) to librustc where necesary

Tried to fix problems with non_camel_case_types outside rustc

fixed failing tests

Docs updated

Moved #[allow(non_camel_case_types)] a level higher.

markdown.rs reverted

Fixed timer that was failing tests

Fixed another timer
auto merge of #12407 : alexcrichton/rust/up-llvm, r=sfackler

This updates the LLVM submodule to the `rust-llvm-2014-02-19` tag which is the
old one with https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm/pull/4 cherry-picked on top.

Awesome job by @neykov for this!
auto merge of #12290 : mrshu/rust/lint-warn-by-default, r=alexcrichton

This first part of my attempts to fix #11432.

In this one I only set NonCamelCaseTypes to warn by default and tried to fix errors that were reported by `make check`.

Please feel free to let me know if I missed something or didn't do it the right way.

Thanks.
insignificant fix to rust manual and tutorial
auto merge of #12410 : DaGenix/rust/fix-incorrect-comment, r=alexcrichton

The comments say that the prelude imports std::io::println since it would
be annoying to have to import it in every program that uses it. However,
the prelude doesn't actually import that function anymore. So, update the
comments to better match reality.
auto merge of #12415 : HeroesGrave/rust/move-enum-set, r=alexcrichton

Part of #8784

Also removed the one glob import.
Move std::num::Integer to libnum
auto merge of #12419 : huonw/rust/compiler-unsafe, r=alexcrichton

Previously an `unsafe` block created by the compiler (like those in the
formatting macros) would be "ignored" if surrounded by `unsafe`, that
is, the internal unsafety would be being legitimised by the external
block:

    unsafe { println!("...") } =(expansion)=> unsafe { ... unsafe { ... } }

And the code in the inner block would be using the outer block, making
it considered used (and the inner one considered unused).

This patch forces the compiler to create a new unsafe context for
compiler generated blocks, so that their internal unsafety doesn't
escape to external blocks.

Fixes #12418.
auto merge of #12420 : pnkfelix/rust/fsk-improve-doc-for-ptr-offset, r=alexcrichton

ptr::RawPtr, spell out units used for the `offset` argument.

spell out units used for the `offset` argument, so that callers do not
try to scale to byte units themselves.

(this was originally landed in PR #11002 for the stand-alone functions, but that PR did not modify the `RawPtr` methods, since that had no doc at all at the time.  Now `RawPtr` has the *only* documentation for `offset`, since the stand-alone functions went away in PR #12167 / PR #12248.)
auto merge of #12326 : bjz/rust/integer, r=alexcrichton

This is part of the effort to simplify `std::num`, as tracked in issue #10387.
libstd: Implement some convenience methods on vectors