Add support for $RUBY_BUILD_DEFINITIONS.

`$RUBY_BUILD_DEFINITIONS` is a colon-separated series of paths for
definitions. Each path is the file system location of a directory
in which definitions may be found. If the definition being installed
is not distributed with `ruby-build`, the program will iterate through
each of these paths and look within them (just the base directory)
for the definition being installed. If it is found, the full path to
the definition will be set as the `$DEFINITION_PATH` and will be installed.

Resolves https://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build/issues/608.

/cc @thomasjo, @mislav
I was testing this logic in another file and couldn't get the value of this to change, i.e. setting it here did not affect the outer scope. Problem is, bash doesn't seem to have scopes.