fix($location) don't rewrite location when clicking on "javascript:" or "mailto:" link

Previously, absent a specified target attribute, when clicking on an anchor tag with an href beginning
with either "javascript:" or "mailto:", the framework would rewrite the URL, when it ought not to.

With this change, the browser is prevented from rewriting if the URL begins with a case-insensitive match
for "javascript:" or "mailto:", optionally preceeded by whitespace.

Closes #8407
Closes #8425
Closes #8426
docs(ngMockE2E): remove repeated word

Closes #8411
docs($http): add link to `$http.path()`

Closes #8424
feat(jQuery): upgrade to jQuery to 2.1.1

The data jQuery method was re-implemented in 2.0 in a secure way. This made
current hacky Angular solution to move data between elements via changing the
value of the internal node[jQuery.expando] stop working. Instead, just copy the
data from the first element to the other one.

Testing cache leaks on jQuery 2.x is not possible in the same way as it's done
in jqLite or in jQuery 1.x as there is no publicly exposed data storage. One
way to test it would be to intercept all places where a jQuery object is created
to save a reference to the underlaying node but there is no single place in the
jQuery code through which all element creation passes (there are various
shortcuts for performance reasons). Instead we rely on jqLite.cache testing
to find potential data leaks.

BREAKING CHANGE: Angular no longer supports jQuery versions below 2.1.1.