Aggressively freeze tables when CLUSTER or VACUUM FULL rewrites them.

We haven't wanted to do this in the past on the grounds that in rare
cases the original xmin value will be needed for forensic purposes, but
commit 37484ad2aacef5ec794f4dd3d5cf814475180a78 removes that objection,
so now we can.

Per extensive discussion, among many people, on pgsql-hackers.
Handle wraparound during truncation in multixact/members

In pg_multixact/members, relying on modulo-2^32 arithmetic for
wraparound handling doesn't work all that well.  Because we don't
explicitely track wraparound of the allocation counter for members, it
is possible that the "live" area exceeds 2^31 entries; trying to remove
SLRU segments that are "old" according to the original logic might lead
to removal of segments still in use.  To fix, have the truncation
routine use a tailored SlruScanDirectory callback that keeps track of
the live area in actual use; that way, when the live range exceeds 2^31
entries, the oldest segments still live will not get removed untimely.

This new SlruScanDir callback needs to take care not to remove segments
that are "in the future": if new SLRU segments appear while the
truncation is ongoing, make sure we don't remove them.  This requires
examination of shared memory state to recheck for false positives, but
testing suggests that this doesn't cause a problem.  The original coding
didn't suffer from this pitfall because segments created when truncation
is running are never considered to be removable.

Per Andres Freund's investigation of bug #8673 reported by Serge
Negodyuck.
Wrap multixact/members correctly during extension

In the 9.2 code for extending multixact/members, the logic was very
simple because the number of entries in a members page was a proper
divisor of 2^32, and thus at 2^32 wraparound the logic for page switch
was identical than at any other page boundary.  In commit 0ac5ad5134f I
failed to realize this and introduced code that was not able to go over
the 2^32 boundary.  Fix that by ensuring that when we reach the last
page of the last segment we correctly zero the initial page of the
initial segment, using correct uint32-wraparound-safe arithmetic.

Noticed while investigating bug #8673 reported by Serge Negodyuck, as
diagnosed by Andres Freund.
Handle 5-char filenames in SlruScanDirectory

Original users of slru.c were all producing 4-digit filenames, so that
was all that that code was prepared to handle.  Changes to multixact.c
in the course of commit 0ac5ad5134f made pg_multixact/members create
5-digit filenames once a certain threshold was reached, which
SlruScanDirectory wasn't prepared to deal with; in particular,
5-digit-name files were not removed during truncation.  Change that
routine to make it aware of those files, and have it process them just
like any others.

Right now, some pg_multixact/members directories will contain a mixture
of 4-char and 5-char filenames.  A future commit is expected fix things
so that each slru.c user declares the correct maximum width for the
files it produces, to avoid such unsightly mixtures.

Noticed while investigating bug #8673 reported by Serge Negodyuck.
Fix calculation of maximum statistics-message size.

The PGSTAT_NUM_TABENTRIES macro should have been updated when new fields
were added to struct PgStat_MsgTabstat in commit 644828908, but it wasn't.
Fix that.

Also, add a static assertion that we didn't overrun the intended size limit
on stats messages.  This will not necessarily catch every mistake in
computing the maximum array size for stats messages, but it will catch ones
that have practical consequences.  (The assertion in fact doesn't complain
about the aforementioned error in PGSTAT_NUM_TABENTRIES, because that was
not big enough to cause the array length to increase.)

No back-patch, as there's no actual bug in existing releases; this is just
in the nature of future-proofing.

Mark Dilger and Tom Lane
Ooops, should use double not single quotes in StaticAssertStmt().

That's what I get for testing this on an older compiler.
Restore some comments lost during 15732b34e8c8

Michael Paquier
Fix typo in comment.

classifyClauses was renamed to classifyConditions somewhere along the
line, but this comment didn't get the memo.

Ian Barwick
Fix header comment for bitncmp().

The result is an int less than, equal to, or greater than zero, in the
style of memcmp (and, in fact, exactly the output of memcmp in some cases).
This comment previously said -1, 1, or 0, which was an overspecification,
as noted by Emre Hasegeli.  All of the existing callers appear to be fine
with the actual behavior, so just fix the comment.

In passing, improve infelicitous formatting of some call sites.
Fix translatability markings in psql, and add defenses against future bugs.

Several previous commits have added columns to various \d queries without
updating their translate_columns[] arrays, leading to potentially incorrect
translations in NLS-enabled builds.  Offenders include commit 893686762
(added prosecdef to \df+), c9ac00e6e (added description to \dc+) and
3b17efdfd (added description to \dC+).  Fix those cases back to 9.3 or
9.2 as appropriate.

Since this is evidently more easily missed than one would like, in HEAD
also add an Assert that the supplied array is long enough.  This requires
an API change for printQuery(), so it seems inappropriate for back
branches, but presumably all future changes will be tested in HEAD anyway.

In HEAD and 9.3, also clean up a whole lot of sloppiness in the emitted
SQL for \dy (event triggers): lack of translatability due to failing to
pass words-to-be-translated through gettext_noop(), inadequate schema
qualification, and sloppy formatting resulting in unnecessarily ugly
-E output.

Peter Eisentraut and Tom Lane, per bug #8702 from Sergey Burladyan
Cache catalog lookup data across groups in ordered-set aggregates.

The initial commit of ordered-set aggregates just did all the setup work
afresh each time the aggregate function is started up.  But in a GROUP BY
query, the catalog lookups need not be repeated for each group, since the
column datatypes and sort information won't change.  When there are many
small groups, this makes for a useful, though not huge, performance
improvement.  Per suggestion from Andrew Gierth.

Profiling of these cases suggests that it might be profitable to avoid
duplicate lookups within tuplesort startup as well; but changing the
tuplesort APIs would have much broader impact, so I left that for
another day.
Remove bogus -K option from pg_dump.

I added it to the getopt call by accident in commit
691e595dd9c7786d37d73ccd327f8c2b6f0dace6.

Amit Kapila
Add more use of psprintf()
Avoid including tablespaces inside PGDATA twice in base backups

If a tablespace was crated inside PGDATA it was backed up both as part
of the PGDATA backup and as the backup of the tablespace. Avoid this
by skipping any directory inside PGDATA that contains one of the active
tablespaces.

Dimitri Fontaine and Magnus Hagander
Move permissions check from do_pg_start_backup to pg_start_backup

And the same for do_pg_stop_backup. The code in do_pg_* is not allowed
to access the catalogs. For manual base backups, the permissions
check can be handled in the calling function, and for streaming
base backups only users with the required permissions can get past
the authentication step in the first place.

Reported by Antonin Houska, diagnosed by Andres Freund
Silence compiler warning on MSVC.

MSVC doesn't know that elog(ERROR) doesn't return, and gives a warning about
missing return. Silence that.

Amit Kapila
Fix LATERAL references to target table of UPDATE/DELETE.

I failed to think much about UPDATE/DELETE when implementing LATERAL :-(.
The implemented behavior ended up being that subqueries in the FROM or
USING clause (respectively) could access the update/delete target table as
though it were a lateral reference; which seems fine if they said LATERAL,
but certainly ought to draw an error if they didn't.  Fix it so you get a
suitable error when you omit LATERAL.  Per report from Emre Hasegeli.
Update copyright for 2014

Update all files in head, and files COPYRIGHT and legal.sgml in all back
branches.
pg_upgrade: Fix fatal error handling

Restore exiting when pg_log(PG_FATAL) is called directly instead of
calling pg_fatal().  Fault introduced in
264aa14a2f687eba8c8cc2a5b6cbd6397973da98.
Fix bug in determining when recovery has reached consistency.

When starting WAL replay from an online checkpoint, the last replayed WAL
record variable was initialized using the checkpoint record's location, even
though the records between the REDO location and the checkpoint record had
not been replayed yet. That was noted as "slightly confusing" but harmless
in the comment, but in some cases, it fooled CheckRecoveryConsistency to
incorrectly conclude that we had already reached a consistent state
immediately at the beginning of WAL replay. That caused the system to accept
read-only connections in hot standby mode too early, and also PANICs with
message "WAL contains references to invalid pages".

Fix by initializing the variables to the REDO location instead.

In 9.2 and above, change CheckRecoveryConsistency() to use
lastReplayedEndRecPtr variable when checking if backup end location has
been reached. It was inconsistently using EndRecPtr for that check, but
lastReplayedEndRecPtr when checking min recovery point. It made no
difference before this patch, because in all the places where
CheckRecoveryConsistency was called the two variables were the same, but
it was always an accident waiting to happen, and would have been wrong
after this patch anyway.

Report and analysis by Tomonari Katsumata, bug #8686. Backpatch to 9.0,
where hot standby was introduced.