Support the Usable Auth pattern in the Google Node Client library

This pull request extends the auth portion of the client library to add the usable auth pattern for service accounts. This allows the user to create a few lines of code which will correctly set up a credential client no matter whether the code is running in GAE, GCE, a managed VM, or on a local dev machine. 

See https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/application-default-credentials for more information about usable auth.

See the examples/default_auth.js file for an example of how usable auth works in Node after this checkin.

All unit tests pass, in addition to many new tests to cover to new code.
Closure Linter has not been run yet. I will be doing that separately. I'd like to give folks more time to look at the substance of this review, so I'm sending it now.

Thanks!

I may have missed a scenario here. I am not going to add this in the current pull request, but make a note for myself to come back and add this in a future commit.