new endpoint for getting badges by id (and other changes)

added a "location" attribute to all of the badge classes in the badges, badges-small and badges-large json files - this is the new "id" of the badge (referenced in the index)
added a "get" method to the search module - #1
added a new endpoint for /:location, to hand in a badge location and retrieve the specific badge
added a spec for the /:location endpoint and the search#get method