rustc: put ty_trait and ty_closure behind some indirection, nearly halving the size of ty::sty

These variants occur rarely but inflate the whole enum for the other variants, leaving a lot of wasted space. In total this reduces `ty::sty` from 160 bytes to 96 (on a 64-bit platform).

After this, `ty_struct` and `ty_enum` are the largest variants, with the 80-byte `substs` being the major contributor.