refactor(kernel): store macro arguments in the macro_expr

Before this commit, we "stored" macro arguments using applications.
This representation had some issues. Suppose we use [m a] to denote a macro
application. In the old representation, ([m a] b) and [m a b] would have
the same representation. Another problem is that some procedures (e.g., type inference)
would not have a clean implementation.

Signed-off-by: Leonardo de Moura <leonardo@microsoft.com>