alarmtimer: Lock k_itimer during timer callback

Locks the k_itimer's it_lock member when handling the alarm timer's
expiry callback.

The regular posix timers defined in posix-timers.c have this lock held
during timout processing because their callbacks are routed through
posix_timer_fn().  The alarm timers follow a different path, so they
ought to grab the lock somewhere else.

Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Sharvil Nanavati <sharvil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Larocque <rlarocque@google.com>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>