intel_pstate: Correct BYT VID values.

Using a VID value that is not high enough for the requested P state can
cause machine checks. Add a ceiling function to ensure calulated VIDs
with fractional values are set to the next highest integer VID value.

The algorythm for calculating the non-trubo VID from the BIOS writers
guide is:
 vid_ratio = (vid_max - vid_min) / (max_pstate - min_pstate)
 vid = ceiling(vid_min + (req_pstate - min_pstate) * vid_ratio)

Cc: All applicable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dirk Brandewie <dirk.j.brandewie@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Merge branches 'acpi-ec' and 'acpi-platform'

* acpi-ec:
  ACPI / EC: Cleanup coding style.
  ACPI / EC: Refine event/query debugging messages.
  ACPI / EC: Add detailed command/query debugging information.
  ACPI / EC: Enhance the logs to apply to QR_EC transactions.
  ACPI / EC: Add CPU ID to debugging messages.

* acpi-platform:
  ACPI / platform: provide default DMA mask
Merge branch 'pm-qos'

* pm-qos:
  PM / QoS: Add PM_QOS_MEMORY_BANDWIDTH class
Merge branch 'freezer'

* freezer:
  PM / freezer: Clean up code after recent fixes
  PM: convert do_each_thread to for_each_process_thread
  OOM, PM: OOM killed task shouldn't escape PM suspend
  freezer: remove obsolete comments in __thaw_task()
  freezer: Do not freeze tasks killed by OOM killer
Merge branches 'acpi-pm' and 'pm-genirq'

* acpi-pm:
  ACPI: invoke acpi_device_wakeup() with correct parameters

* pm-genirq:
  PCI / PM: handle failure to enable wakeup on PCIe PME
Merge branches 'pm-cpuidle' and 'pm-cpufreq'

* pm-cpuidle:
  cpuidle: powernv: Populate cpuidle state details by querying the device-tree

* pm-cpufreq:
  intel_pstate: Correct BYT VID values.
  intel_pstate: Fix BYT frequency reporting
  intel_pstate: Don't lose sysfs settings during cpu offline
  cpufreq: intel_pstate: Reflect current no_turbo state correctly
  cpufreq: expose scaling_cur_freq sysfs file for set_policy() drivers
  cpufreq: intel_pstate: Fix setting max_perf_pct in performance policy
  cpufreq: cpufreq-dt: adjust message related to regulators
  cpufreq: cpufreq-dt: extend with platform_data
  cpufreq: allow driver-specific data
Merge branch 'x86-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull x86 EFI updates from Peter Anvin:
 "This patchset falls under the "maintainers that grovel" clause in the
  v3.18-rc1 announcement.  We had intended to push it late in the merge
  window since we got it into the -tip tree relatively late.

  Many of these are relatively simple things, but there are a couple of
  key bits, especially Ard's and Matt's patches"

* 'x86-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits)
  rtc: Disable EFI rtc for x86
  efi: rtc-efi: Export platform:rtc-efi as module alias
  efi: Delete the in_nmi() conditional runtime locking
  efi: Provide a non-blocking SetVariable() operation
  x86/efi: Adding efi_printks on memory allocationa and pci.reads
  x86/efi: Mark initialization code as such
  x86/efi: Update comment regarding required phys mapped EFI services
  x86/efi: Unexport add_efi_memmap variable
  x86/efi: Remove unused efi_call* macros
  efi: Resolve some shadow warnings
  arm64: efi: Format EFI memory type & attrs with efi_md_typeattr_format()
  ia64: efi: Format EFI memory type & attrs with efi_md_typeattr_format()
  x86: efi: Format EFI memory type & attrs with efi_md_typeattr_format()
  efi: Introduce efi_md_typeattr_format()
  efi: Add macro for EFI_MEMORY_UCE memory attribute
  x86/efi: Clear EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES if failing to enter virtual mode
  arm64/efi: Do not enter virtual mode if booting with efi=noruntime or noefi
  arm64/efi: uefi_init error handling fix
  efi: Add kernel param efi=noruntime
  lib: Add a generic cmdline parse function parse_option_str
  ...
Merge tag 'remove-weak-declarations' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci

Pull weak function declaration removal from Bjorn Helgaas:
 "The "weak" attribute is commonly used for the default version of a
  function, where an architecture can override it by providing a strong
  version.

  Some header file declarations included the "weak" attribute.  That's
  error-prone because it causes every implementation to be weak, with no
  strong version at all, and the linker chooses one based on link order.

  What we want is the "weak" attribute only on the *definition* of the
  default implementation.  These changes remove "weak" from the
  declarations, leaving it on the default definitions"

* tag 'remove-weak-declarations' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci:
  uprobes: Remove "weak" from function declarations
  memory-hotplug: Remove "weak" from memory_block_size_bytes() declaration
  kgdb: Remove "weak" from kgdb_arch_pc() declaration
  ARC: kgdb: generic kgdb_arch_pc() suffices
  vmcore: Remove "weak" from function declarations
  clocksource: Remove "weak" from clocksource_default_clock() declaration
  x86, intel-mid: Remove "weak" from function declarations
  audit: Remove "weak" from audit_classify_compat_syscall() declaration
vfs: add i_op->dentry_open()

Add a new inode operation i_op->dentry_open().  This is for stacked filesystems
that want to return a struct file from a different filesystem.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
vfs: export do_splice_direct() to modules

Export do_splice_direct() to modules.  Needed by overlay filesystem.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
vfs: export __inode_permission() to modules

We need to be able to check inode permissions (but not filesystem implied
permissions) for stackable filesystems.  Expose this interface for overlayfs.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
vfs: introduce clone_private_mount()

Overlayfs needs a private clone of the mount, so create a function for
this and export to modules.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
vfs: export check_sticky()

It's already duplicated in btrfs and about to be used in overlayfs too.

Move the sticky bit check to an inline helper and call the out-of-line
helper only in the unlikly case of the sticky bit being set.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
vfs: add whiteout support

Whiteout isn't actually a new file type, but is represented as a char
device (Linus's idea) with 0/0 device number.

This has several advantages compared to introducing a new whiteout file
type:

 - no userspace API changes (e.g. trivial to make backups of upper layer
   filesystem, without losing whiteouts)

 - no fs image format changes (you can boot an old kernel/fsck without
   whiteout support and things won't break)

 - implementation is trivial

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
vfs: add RENAME_WHITEOUT

This adds a new RENAME_WHITEOUT flag.  This flag makes rename() create a
whiteout of source.  The whiteout creation is atomic relative to the
rename.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
ext4: support RENAME_WHITEOUT

Add whiteout support to ext4_rename().  A whiteout inode (chrdev/0,0) is
created before the rename takes place.  The whiteout inode is added to the
old entry instead of deleting it.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
shmem: support RENAME_WHITEOUT

Allocate a dentry, initialize it with a whiteout and hash it in the place
of the old dentry.  Later the old dentry will be moved away and the
whiteout will remain.

i_mutex protects agains concurrent readdir.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
overlay filesystem

Overlayfs allows one, usually read-write, directory tree to be
overlaid onto another, read-only directory tree.  All modifications
go to the upper, writable layer.

This type of mechanism is most often used for live CDs but there's a
wide variety of other uses.

The implementation differs from other "union filesystem"
implementations in that after a file is opened all operations go
directly to the underlying, lower or upper, filesystems.  This
simplifies the implementation and allows native performance in these
cases.

The dentry tree is duplicated from the underlying filesystems, this
enables fast cached lookups without adding special support into the
VFS.  This uses slightly more memory than union mounts, but dentries
are relatively small.

Currently inodes are duplicated as well, but it is a possible
optimization to share inodes for non-directories.

Opening non directories results in the open forwarded to the
underlying filesystem.  This makes the behavior very similar to union
mounts (with the same limitations vs. fchmod/fchown on O_RDONLY file
descriptors).

Usage:

  mount -t overlayfs overlayfs -olowerdir=/lower,upperdir=/upper/upper,workdir=/upper/work /overlay

The following cotributions have been folded into this patch:

Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>:
 - minimal remount support
 - use correct seek function for directories
 - initialise is_real before use
 - rename ovl_fill_cache to ovl_dir_read

Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>:
 - fix a deadlock in ovl_dir_read_merged
 - fix a deadlock in ovl_remove_whiteouts

Erez Zadok <ezk@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
 - fix cleanup after WARN_ON

Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@googlemail.com>
 - fix up permission to confirm to new API

Robin Dong <hao.bigrat@gmail.com>
 - fix possible leak in ovl_new_inode
 - create new inode in ovl_link

Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
 - switch to __inode_permission()
 - copy up i_uid/i_gid from the underlying inode

AV:
 - ovl_copy_up_locked() - dput(ERR_PTR(...)) on two failure exits
 - ovl_clear_empty() - one failure exit forgetting to do unlock_rename(),
   lack of check for udir being the parent of upper, dropping and regaining
   the lock on udir (which would require _another_ check for parent being
   right).
 - bogus d_drop() in copyup and rename [fix from your mail]
 - copyup/remove and copyup/rename races [fix from your mail]
 - ovl_dir_fsync() leaving ERR_PTR() in ->realfile
 - ovl_entry_free() is pointless - it's just a kfree_rcu()
 - fold ovl_do_lookup() into ovl_lookup()
 - manually assigning ->d_op is wrong.  Just use ->s_d_op.
 [patches picked from Miklos]:
 * copyup/remove and copyup/rename races
 * bogus d_drop() in copyup and rename

Also thanks to the following people for testing and reporting bugs:

  Jordi Pujol <jordipujolp@gmail.com>
  Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
  Michal Suchanek <hramrach@centrum.cz>
  Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
  Erez Zadok <ezk@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
  Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
overlayfs: add statfs support

Add support for statfs to the overlayfs filesystem.  As the upper layer
is the target of all write operations assume that the space in that
filesystem is the space in the overlayfs.  There will be some inaccuracy as
overwriting a file will copy it up and consume space we were not expecting,
but it is better than nothing.

Use the upper layer dentry and mount from the overlayfs root inode,
passing the statfs call to that filesystem.

Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
overlayfs: implement show_options

This is useful because of the stacking nature of overlayfs.  Users like to
find out (via /proc/mounts) which lower/upper directory were used at mount
time.

AV: even failing ovl_parse_opt() could've done some kstrdup()
AV: failure of ovl_alloc_entry() should end up with ENOMEM, not EINVAL

Signed-off-by: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>