[SecurityBundle] error helper added symfony/symfony#11147

Added helper that extracts last authentication error and username.

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | [ #11147 ]
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | symfony/symfony-docs#3996
I don't really like the class name... but I don't have a better idea either. As we already have a `HttpUtils` class, we might call it `AuthenticationUtils`?