(HI-127) New interpolation function: literal

This patch adds a new Hiera interpolation function: `literal`. This function
simply returns whatever was passed to it and halts recursion.

The primary use of this function is escape the Hiera escape character "%". For
example, the following data:

    %{literal('%')}{some::key}

Interpolates to:

    %{some::key}
Merge pull request #185 from Sharpie/HI-127-escaped-lookups

(HI-127) Add 'literal' function for escaping lookups
(HI-232) Hiera should replace ruby-hiera

Ubuntu provides the package ruby-hiera. This is difficult, because this
causes problems when trying to upgrade from ruby-hiera to hiera. In
order to provide a clean upgrade path from distro package, we need to
make sure our hiera package will corretly replace the ubuntu package.
This commit updates the hiera control file to have a Provides:, Conflicts:,
and Replaces: relationship with ruby-hiera. This will let the system
know that we only allow either hiera or ruby-hiera to be installed at
one time, and, on upgrade to hiera, this will entirely replace
ruby-hiera, forcing the removal of that package.

For more information, see
http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships.html section
7.6.2
Merge pull request #186 from melissaanne/ticket/stable/hi-232-fix-ruby-hiera-conflict

(HI-232) Hiera should replace ruby-hiera
(HI-236) Raring went EOL in Jan 2014, so we should no longer build packages for it.
Merge pull request #187 from haus/ticket/stable/hi_236

(HI-236) Raring went EOL in Jan 2014, so we should no longer build packa...
Use fedora/rhel7's ruby dir on amz-linux
Previously, RPMS built on Amazon Linux would
point to the improper ruby directory, or
would have improper dependencies.

Use %{amzn} as a rpm macro to determine if the
rpm is being built on an Amazon Linux distro.

If %{amzn} is set, use the Fedora/RHEL7 method
of discovering ruby lib directory.
Merge pull request #190 from jeffb-bt/feature/azn-linux-build-1.3.2

Build RPMS properly on Amazon Linux
(#22142) Substantial speed increase in lookups

Previously, hiera would look up the 'datadir' from config
inside the loop where it looks inside datafiles. This caused
substantial slowdowns on sites with deep hierarchies.

This commit moves the datadir lookup to be outside the
the datasource-search loop and caused substantial speedups.
(Timings are in the original ticket).

This patch was written by Sean Millichamp; I just rebased it
onto the current state of Hiera and submitted it on his behalf.
(#22142) Extract method to list all hierarchy files

The patch to reduce the work done when traversing the hierarchy
duplicated the datafile() method from Backend. This removes the
duplicate code from the yaml backend and creates a new method on Backend
to get just the files associated with the hierarchy.
Merge pull request #191 from hlindberg/HI-239-cherry-pick-speedup-from-master

(HI-239) Cherry pick speedup from master (from #22142)
(packaging) Add Trusty cow to stable branch

This will let us build packages for trusty in the next hiera release off
the stable branch. This change is already in the master branch
Merge pull request #192 from melissaanne/maint/stable/add-trusty

(packaging) Add Trusty cow to stable branch
(packaging)(HI-244) Update version number to 1.3.3
Merge branch 'stable'

Conflicts:
	ext/build_defaults.yaml

Conflict resolved by haus:
cows: 'base-lucid-i386.cow base-precise-i386.cow base-quantal-i386.cow
base-saucy-i386.cow base-sid-i386.cow base-squeeze-i386.cow
base-stable-i386.cow base-testing-i386.cow base-trusty-i386.cow
base-unstable-i386.cow base-wheezy-i386.cow'

"it's the bottom one, rearranged for sanity"
(maint) Correct build_defaults missing newline
(HI-238) Remove current directory from Ruby load path.

The current directory ('.') is on the load path for Ruby 1.8.7.
This is a security vulnerability as it allows arbitrary code loading if
users create ruby source files with names that correspond to those that
hiera is trying to load.

The fix is to explicitly remove '.' from the load path before any code
is loaded by hiera.
(packaging) Update VERSION to 1.3.4
Merge tag '1.3.4' into stable

1.3.4

* tag '1.3.4':
  (packaging) Update VERSION to 1.3.4
  (HI-238) Remove current directory from Ruby load path.