Remove hacks and checks that did not embrace browserify

These attempts to circumvent browserify's globals cause more pain than good.
Instead, I've gotten rid of globals entirely, in favor of simply `require()`ing,
say, the buffer module.

For the time being, I've resorted to `Math.random` for pseudorandom number
generation, since crypto-browserify's `randomBytes` doesn't support IE < 11
(which I may need).

Furthermore, I've removed the UMD and anonymous wrapper. Browserify handles
these, no need for modules to keep using them.
Delete `component.json`

Don't need this.
Fix `package.json` horrors
Remove extra newline in `.gitignore`