check-builtins.sh: use the $(...) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

    for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
    do
      sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
    done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-am.sh: use the $(...) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

    for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
    do
      sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
    done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
MSVC: link in invalidcontinue.obj for better POSIX compatibility

By default, Windows abort()'s instead of setting
errno=EINVAL when invalid arguments are passed to standard functions.

For example, when PAGER quits and git detects it with
errno=EPIPE on write(), check_pipe() in write_or_die.c tries raise(SIGPIPE)
but since there is no SIGPIPE on Windows, it is treated as invalid argument,
causing abort() and crash report window.

Linking in invalidcontinue.obj (provided along with MS compiler) allows
raise(SIGPIPE) to return with errno=EINVAL.

Signed-off-by: Marat Radchenko <marat@slonopotamus.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Merge branch 'jk/pack-bitmap'

Instead of dying when asked to (re)pack with the reachability
bitmap when a bitmap cannot be built, just (re)pack without
producing a bitmap in such a case, with a warning.

* jk/pack-bitmap:
  pack-objects: turn off bitmaps when skipping objects
Merge branch 'jk/pack-bitmap-progress'

The progress output while repacking and transferring objects showed
an apparent large silence while writing the objects out of existing
packfiles, when the reachability bitmap was in use.

* jk/pack-bitmap-progress:
  pack-objects: show reused packfile objects in "Counting objects"
  pack-objects: show progress for reused packfiles
Merge branch 'jk/subtree-prefix'

A stray environment variable $prefix could have leaked into and
affected the behaviour of the "subtree" script.

* jk/subtree-prefix:
  subtree: initialize "prefix" variable
Merge branch 'fr/add-interactive-argv-array'

* fr/add-interactive-argv-array:
  add: use struct argv_array in run_add_interactive()
Merge branch 'ah/doc-gitk-config'

* ah/doc-gitk-config:
  Documentation/gitk: document the location of the configulation file
Merge branch 'bp/commit-p-editor'

When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git
commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to
disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but
this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the
commit log message, are also affected.

* bp/commit-p-editor:
  run-command: mark run_hook_with_custom_index as deprecated
  merge hook tests: fix and update tests
  merge: fix GIT_EDITOR override for commit hook
  commit: fix patch hunk editing with "commit -p -m"
  test patch hunk editing with "commit -p -m"
  merge hook tests: use 'test_must_fail' instead of '!'
  merge hook tests: fix missing '&&' in test
Merge branch 'bg/rebase-off-of-previous-branch'

* bg/rebase-off-of-previous-branch:
  rebase: allow "-" short-hand for the previous branch
Merge branch 'ys/fsck-commit-parsing'

* ys/fsck-commit-parsing:
  fsck.c:fsck_commit(): use skip_prefix() to verify and skip constant
  fsck.c:fsck_ident(): ident points at a const string
Update draft release notes to 2.0

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Merge branch 'dt/tests-with-env-not-subshell' into jch

* dt/tests-with-env-not-subshell:
  tests: use "env" to run commands with temporary env-var settings
Merge branch 'hs/simplify-bit-setting-in-fsck-tree' into jch

* hs/simplify-bit-setting-in-fsck-tree:
  fsck: use bitwise-or assignment operator to set flag
Merge branch 'ca/doc-config-third-party' into jch

* ca/doc-config-third-party:
  config.txt: third-party tools may and do use their own variables
Merge branch 'dw/doc-status-no-longer-shows-pound-prefix' into jch

* dw/doc-status-no-longer-shows-pound-prefix:
  doc: status, remove leftover statement about '#' prefix
Merge branch 'dp/makefile-charset-lib-doc' into jch

* dp/makefile-charset-lib-doc:
  Makefile: describe CHARSET_LIB better
Merge branch 'rs/pickaxe-i' into jch

Allow the options -i/--regexp-ignore-case, --pickaxe-regex, and -S
to be used together and work as expected to perform a pickaxe
search using case-insensitive regular expression matching.

* rs/pickaxe-i:
  pickaxe: simplify kwset loop in contains()
  pickaxe: call strlen only when necessary in diffcore_pickaxe_count()
  pickaxe: move pickaxe() after pickaxe_match()
  pickaxe: merge diffcore_pickaxe_grep() and diffcore_pickaxe_count() into diffcore_pickaxe()
  pickaxe: honor -i when used with -S and --pickaxe-regex
  t4209: use helper functions to test --author
  t4209: use helper functions to test --grep
  t4209: factor out helper function test_log_icase()
  t4209: factor out helper function test_log()
  t4209: set up expectations up front
Merge branch 'ap/remote-hg-skip-null-bookmarks' into jch

* ap/remote-hg-skip-null-bookmarks:
  remote-hg: do not fail on invalid bookmarks
Merge branch 'ib/rev-parse-parseopt-argh' into jch

Teaches the "rev-parse --parseopt" mechanism used by scripted
Porcelains to parse command line options and give help text how to
supply argv-help (the placeholder string for an option parameter,
e.g. "key-id" in "--gpg-sign=<key-id>").

* ib/rev-parse-parseopt-argh:
  t1502: protect runs of SPs used in the indentation
  rev-parse --parseopt: option argument name hints