[SPARK-2546] Clone JobConf for each task (branch-1.0 / 1.1 backport)

This patch attempts to fix SPARK-2546 in `branch-1.0` and `branch-1.1`.  The underlying problem is that thread-safety issues in Hadoop Configuration objects may cause Spark tasks to get stuck in infinite loops.  The approach taken here is to clone a new copy of the JobConf for each task rather than sharing a single copy between tasks.  Note that there are still Configuration thread-safety issues that may affect the driver, but these seem much less likely to occur in practice and will be more complex to fix (see discussion on the SPARK-2546 ticket).
Does this actually clone the internal map? Or does it just create pointers to the supplied `conf`? If it just creates pointers it seems like it might end up having the same synchronization issues.