Improve dirty page writeout performance

This refactors ->writepages and ->writepage to improve performance.

->writepages has been refactored to call zfs_range_lock() once per call.
Each zfs_range_lock() does its own memory allocation and various tree
operations, so making it occur only once reduces the computational
complexity of writepages, by at least a factor of log(N) where N is the
number of pages. This avoids significant virtual memory contention that
is prevalent in Linux's vmalloc(). In addition, we now pass WB_SYNC_NONE
to write_cache_pages. This moves responsibility for ensuring synchronous
semantics entirely to zil_commit(), where it should have been in the
first place. It also eliminates an opportunity for concurrent threads to
block each other on writeback.

->writepage has been refactored to permit the changes to ->writepages.
Situations where it is told to write out an invalidated page is now
properly handled by ignoring them. This avoids a theoretical NULL
pointer dereference.

These changes substantially improve 32-thread 4K randomwrite IO on a RAM
disk in filebench's randomwrite benchmark. This has been tested with the
following commands on a boot that passed ramdisk_size=8388604 to the
kernel commandline:

modprobe loop
losetup loop0 /dev/ram0
zpool create -o ashift=12 -O recordsize=4K test /dev/loop0
zpool export test
losetup -D
zpool import -d /dev test

filebench << END
load randomwrite
set \$dir=/test
set \$nthreads=32
set \$iosize=4096
run 60
END

zpool destroy test

Previous tests on Gentoo Linux using a kernel compiled from the CentOS
2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64 kernel with the default .config showed single
threaded performance at roughly 10k to 11k IOPS with 32-thread
performance at 5k-6k in this benchmark. Tests with this patch show a
performance improvement to 15k to 17k in the 32-thread case. These tests
were conducted on a single processor Xeon E5-2620 with 64GB of RAM.

Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>