ENH: optimize: curve_fit now warns if pcov is undetermined

Marked the test as a knownfailure for now. The test fails because
assert_warns in numpy.testing should clean __warningregistry__...
FIX: re-enable test for indertemitate covariance warning

Fixed the bogus waring in test_array_like and thus now we can
re-enable the test for the issuing of OptimizeWarning from curve_fit
when the covariance matrix is indeterminate. This works as long as in
the future new tests don't trigger the warning somewhere else in scipy
test suite ;)
MAINT: stats: Add note about change to scoreatpercentile in release 0.12.0.

Also make a test of scoreatpercentile on a 2D array more explicit
about the expected result.

Closes gh-3329.
DOC: sparse.linalg: typo
ENH: sparse.linalg: take LinearOperator in svds

Should allow solving PCA for sparse matrix.
DOC: advertise svds(LinearOperator) + vanity
BUG: Match exception declarations between scipy/io/matlab/streams.pyx and
scipy/io/matlab/streams.pxd to prevent an error in recent versions of
cython.
Fix PEP8 W391 issues (blank line at end of file).
Fix PEP8 E712 issues (comparisons to True).
Misc PEP8 fixes.
BUG: fitpack: avoid a memory error in splev(x, tck, der=k)

for x < t[0], splev(..., der=k) produces garbage or crashes
because of a memory error.

Fixes gh-2188
DOC: Add rq to __init__, correct rq docstring.

This function works fine on rectangular and complex matrices.  No
ideal why the docstring didn't reflect that.
BUG: optimize: fix botched test for scalars

Any row-vector or other ndarray with shape[0] == 1 was passed through.
Merge pull request #4077 from larsmans/optimize-scalar-check

BUG: optimize: fix botched test for scalars
DOC: fix typos in distance.yule
Merge pull request #4113 from gertingold/gh-4108

DOC: fix typos in distance.yule
MAINT: optimize: static on internal function
MAINT: signal: remove K&R-isms

Code was (1) mixing C89 and pre-standard syntax, (2) not including
<stdlib.h> and casting the return value from malloc (thus implicitly
relying on other headers to include this on 64-bit platforms) and
(3) using int instead of size_t for memory buffer sizes.
Merge pull request #4114 from larsmans/c-fixes

MAINT: C fixes
Deprecate nanmean, nanstd, nanmedian in favour of the numpy equivalents

See #1727