First draft of cluster chapter

I'm reasonably happy with the shape and content of the chapter here, so I think it's ready for a review.

The code is mostly in place, although there are a number of "TODO" tags that I'm still pondering.  The big one -- that affects the chapter -- is to remove the 'catchup' support entirely.  I can't quite convince myself that the implementation will still perform correctly without it, though.
Reading this I realized that I do not know the story behind the Paxos and Synod names. It might be fun to read if you are able to dig this up.