Custom memory allocation

I think I finally cracked the nut on custom memory allocation.  Back in
the ~0.3 versions, libcork had custom memory allocation, but it was very
invasive: you had to pass around lots of `cork_alloc` pointers all over
the place.  I dropped custom allocators to make the memory allocation
API much cleaner (and much closer to the standard `malloc` family of
functions).

This patch adds back in the ability to customize the details of how
memory is allocated, but without requiring lots of allocator pointers —
and most importantly, in a way that lets different sections of the
program have *different* custom allocators.  The key is the
`cork_current_allocator` macro, and in how all of the allocation
functions are defined static in a header file.  That allows different
source files to provide different values for `cork_current_allocator`,
which their copy of the static allocation functions will use.

There are two breaking changes.  The first is that you must now use
`cork_free`, `cork_cfree`, or `cork_delete` to free memory that you've
allocated, instead of the standard `free` function.  The second is that
you must keep track of how large each allocation is, and pass that in to
whichever free function you use.
Allocators are automatically freed

This patch removes the public `cork_alloc_free` function.  Allocator
instances are now fully managed; we'll automatically free every
cork_alloc instance when the process finishes.  They're freed in the
reverse order that they were created, which ensures that each
allocator's parent is still around when the child allocator is being
freed.
Customized allocator for thread-local storage

On some platforms (currently just Mac OS X), we have to allocate
thread-local variables from the heap.  Before, that meant that we
couldn't use thread-local inside of a custom allocator: `cork_tls` uses
`cork_calloc` to perform that allocation, which calls back into the
custom allocator, giving us an infinite loop.  The new
`cork_tls_with_alloc` macro allows you to provide custom allocation and
deallocation functions; to break the infinite loop, your custom
allocator can use this new macro to allocate the thread-local data using
the parent allocator.
Merge branch 'feature/allocator' into develop

* feature/allocator:
  Customized allocator for thread-local storage
  Allocators are automatically freed
  Custom memory allocation