Fix the representation of C void pointers in LLVM IR

Currently, we have c_void defined to be represented as an empty struct,
but LLVM expects C's void* to be represented as i8*. That means we
currently generate code in which LLVM doesn't recognize malloc() and
free() and can't apply certain optimization that would remove calls to
those functions.
auto merge of #11539 : dotdash/rust/void_type_fixup, r=alexcrichton

Currently, we have c_void defined to be represented as an empty struct,
but LLVM expects C's void* to be represented as i8*. That means we
currently generate code in which LLVM doesn't recognize malloc() and
free() and can't apply certain optimization that would remove calls to
those functions.