ref(Dockerfiles): base Dockerfiles on ubuntu:14.04

To avoid current and future versioning headaches with **deis/base** and proposed alternatives, this changes Deis' docker components to use **ubuntu:14.04** directly. `docker pull|push` of our images will still benefit from cached layers, but the burden is on us now to keep their initial stanzas consistent with each other.

Also:
- updated the component README.md files, no more trumpeting of "Trusted Builds"
- standardized on `curl` instead of `wget`
- updated our `pip` installs to 1.5.6.

**NOTE:** updating deis/database from precise to trusty changed the uid/gid of the postgres user--will this cause problems for existing deis-database-data containers?

Closes deis/base#7, deis/base#13, deis/base#14, refs #1861.

You mean collapse the `RUN buildDeps=` line with the `apt-get update?`. The idea was that we maintain the common layers manually now, and up until `# build Redis from source` these layers all match the other containers.

Good catch on the double-curls.