SPARK-2662: Fix NPE for JsonProtocol

Author: GuoQiang Li <witgo@qq.com>

Closes #1511 from witgo/JsonProtocol and squashes the following commits:

2b6227f [GuoQiang Li] Fix NPE for JsonProtocol
[SPARK-2658][SQL] Add rule for true = 1.

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #1556 from marmbrus/fixBooleanEqualsOne and squashes the following commits:

ad8edd4 [Michael Armbrust] Add rule for true = 1 and false = 0.
SPARK-2310. Support arbitrary Spark properties on the command line with ...

...spark-submit

The PR allows invocations like
  spark-submit --class org.MyClass --spark.shuffle.spill false myjar.jar

Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>

Closes #1253 from sryza/sandy-spark-2310 and squashes the following commits:

1dc9855 [Sandy Ryza] More doc and cleanup
00edfb9 [Sandy Ryza] Review comments
91b244a [Sandy Ryza] Change format to --conf PROP=VALUE
8fabe77 [Sandy Ryza] SPARK-2310. Support arbitrary Spark properties on the command line with spark-submit
[SPARK-2661][bagel]unpersist old processed rdd

Unpersist useless rdd during bagel iteration to make full use of memory.

Author: Daoyuan <daoyuan.wang@intel.com>

Closes #1519 from adrian-wang/bagelunpersist and squashes the following commits:

182c9dd [Daoyuan] rename var nextUseless to lastRDD
87fd3a4 [Daoyuan] bagel unpersist old processed rdd
SPARK-2150: Provide direct link to finished application UI in yarn resou...

...rce manager UI

Use the event logger directory to provide a direct link to finished
application UI in yarn resourcemanager UI.

Author: Rahul Singhal <rahul.singhal@guavus.com>

Closes #1094 from rahulsinghaliitd/SPARK-2150 and squashes the following commits:

95f230c [Rahul Singhal] SPARK-2150: Provide direct link to finished application UI in yarn resource manager UI
[Build] SPARK-2619: Configurable filemode for the spark/bin folder in debian package

Add  a `<deb.bin.filemode>744</deb.bin.filemode>` property to the `assembly/pom.xml` that defaults to `744`.
Use this property for ../bin folder <filemode>.

This patch doesn't change the current default modes but allows one override the modes at build time:
`-Ddeb.bin.filemode=<new mode>`

Author: tzolov <christian.tzolov@gmail.com>

Closes #1531 from tzolov/SPARK-2619 and squashes the following commits:

6d95343 [tzolov] [Build] SPARK-2619: Configurable filemode for the spark/bin folder in the .deb package
[SPARK-2603][SQL] Remove unnecessary toMap and toList in converting Java collections to Scala collections JsonRDD.scala

In JsonRDD.scalafy, we are using toMap/toList to convert a Java Map/List to a Scala one. These two operations are pretty expensive because they read elements from a Java Map/List and then load to a Scala Map/List. We can use Scala wrappers to wrap those Java collections instead of using toMap/toList.

I did a quick test to see the performance. I had a 2.9GB cached RDD[String] storing one JSON object per record (twitter dataset). My simple test program is attached below.
```scala
val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)
import sqlContext._

val jsonData = sc.textFile("...")
jsonData.cache.count

val jsonSchemaRDD = sqlContext.jsonRDD(jsonData)
jsonSchemaRDD.registerAsTable("jt")

sqlContext.sql("select count(*) from jt").collect
```
Stages for the schema inference and the table scan both had 48 tasks. These tasks were executed sequentially. For the current implementation, scanning the JSON dataset will materialize values of all fields of a record. The inferred schema of the dataset can be accessed at https://gist.github.com/yhuai/05fe8a57c638c6666f8d.

From the result, there was no significant difference on running `jsonRDD`. For the simple aggregation query, results are attached below.
```
Original:
Run 1: 26.1s
Run 2: 27.03s
Run 3: 27.035s

With this change:
Run 1: 21.086s
Run 2: 21.035s
Run 3: 21.029s
```

JIRA: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2603

Author: Yin Huai <huai@cse.ohio-state.edu>

Closes #1504 from yhuai/removeToMapToList and squashes the following commits:

6831b77 [Yin Huai] Fix failed tests.
09b9bca [Yin Huai] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into removeToMapToList
d1abdb8 [Yin Huai] Remove unnecessary toMap and toList.
[SPARK-2479 (partial)][MLLIB] fix binary metrics unit tests

Allow small errors in comparison.

@dbtsai , this unit test blocks https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/1562 . I may need to merge this one first. We can change it to use the tools in https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/1425 after that PR gets merged.

Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>

Closes #1576 from mengxr/fix-binary-metrics-unit-tests and squashes the following commits:

5076a7f [Xiangrui Meng] fix binary metrics unit tests
[SPARK-2037]: yarn client mode doesn't support spark.yarn.max.executor.failures

Author: GuoQiang Li <witgo@qq.com>

Closes #1180 from witgo/SPARK-2037 and squashes the following commits:

3d52411 [GuoQiang Li] review commit
7058f4d [GuoQiang Li] Correctly stop SparkContext
6d0561f [GuoQiang Li] Fix: yarn client mode doesn't support spark.yarn.max.executor.failures
SPARK-2250: show stage RDDs in UI

Author: Neville Li <neville@spotify.com>

Closes #1188 from nevillelyh/neville/ui and squashes the following commits:

d3ac425 [Neville Li] SPARK-2250: show persisted RDD in stage UI
f075db9 [Neville Li] SPARK-2035: show call stack even when description is available
[SPARK-2464][Streaming] Fixed Twitter stream stopping bug

Stopping the Twitter Receiver would call twitter4j's TwitterStream.shutdown, which in turn causes an Exception to be thrown to the listener. This exception caused the Receiver to be restarted. This patch check whether the receiver was stopped or not, and accordingly restarts on exception.

Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>

Closes #1577 from tdas/twitter-stop and squashes the following commits:

011b525 [Tathagata Das] Fixed Twitter stream stopping bug.
[SPARK-2014] Make PySpark store RDDs in MEMORY_ONLY_SER with compression by default

Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>

Closes #1051 from ScrapCodes/SPARK-2014/pyspark-cache and squashes the following commits:

f192df7 [Prashant Sharma] Code Review
2a2f43f [Prashant Sharma] [SPARK-2014] Make PySpark store RDDs in MEMORY_ONLY_SER with compression by default
[SPARK-2538] [PySpark] Hash based disk spilling aggregation

During aggregation in Python worker, if the memory usage is above spark.executor.memory, it will do disk spilling aggregation.

It will split the aggregation into multiple stage, in each stage, it will partition the aggregated data by hash and dump them into disks. After all the data are aggregated, it will merge all the stages together (partition by partition).

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1460 from davies/spill and squashes the following commits:

cad91bf [Davies Liu] call gc.collect() after data.clear() to release memory as much as possible.
37d71f7 [Davies Liu] balance the partitions
902f036 [Davies Liu] add shuffle.py into run-tests
dcf03a9 [Davies Liu] fix memory_info() of psutil
67e6eba [Davies Liu] comment for MAX_TOTAL_PARTITIONS
f6bd5d6 [Davies Liu] rollback next_limit() again, the performance difference is huge:
e74b785 [Davies Liu] fix code style and change next_limit to memory_limit
400be01 [Davies Liu] address all the comments
6178844 [Davies Liu] refactor and improve docs
fdd0a49 [Davies Liu] add long doc string for ExternalMerger
1a97ce4 [Davies Liu] limit used memory and size of objects in partitionBy()
e6cc7f9 [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' into spill
3652583 [Davies Liu] address comments
e78a0a0 [Davies Liu] fix style
24cec6a [Davies Liu] get local directory by SPARK_LOCAL_DIR
57ee7ef [Davies Liu] update docs
286aaff [Davies Liu] let spilled aggregation in Python configurable
e9a40f6 [Davies Liu] recursive merger
6edbd1f [Davies Liu] Hash based disk spilling aggregation
[SPARK-2656] Python version of stratified sampling

exact sample size not supported for now.

Author: Doris Xin <doris.s.xin@gmail.com>

Closes #1554 from dorx/pystratified and squashes the following commits:

4ba927a [Doris Xin] use rel diff (+- 50%) instead of abs diff (+- 50)
bdc3f8b [Doris Xin] updated unit to check sample holistically
7713c7b [Doris Xin] Python version of stratified sampling
SPARK-2657 Use more compact data structures than ArrayBuffer in groupBy & cogroup

JIRA: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2657

Our current code uses ArrayBuffers for each group of values in groupBy, as well as for the key's elements in CoGroupedRDD. ArrayBuffers have a lot of overhead if there are few values in them, which is likely to happen in cases such as join. In particular, they have a pointer to an Object[] of size 16 by default, which is 24 bytes for the array header + 128 for the pointers in there, plus at least 32 for the ArrayBuffer data structure. This patch replaces the per-group buffers with a CompactBuffer class that can store up to 2 elements more efficiently (in fields of itself) and acts like an ArrayBuffer beyond that. For a key's elements in CoGroupedRDD, we use an Array of CompactBuffers instead of an ArrayBuffer of ArrayBuffers.

There are some changes throughout the code to deal with CoGroupedRDD returning Array instead. We can also decide not to do that but CoGroupedRDD is a `DeveloperAPI` so I think it's okay to change it here.

Author: Matei Zaharia <matei@databricks.com>

Closes #1555 from mateiz/compact-groupby and squashes the following commits:

845a356 [Matei Zaharia] Lower initial size of CompactBuffer's vector to 8
07621a7 [Matei Zaharia] Review comments
0c1cd12 [Matei Zaharia] Don't use varargs in CompactBuffer.apply
bdc8a39 [Matei Zaharia] Small tweak to +=, and typos
f61f040 [Matei Zaharia] Fix line lengths
59da88b0 [Matei Zaharia] Fix line lengths
197cde8 [Matei Zaharia] Make CompactBuffer extend Seq to make its toSeq more efficient
775110f [Matei Zaharia] Change CoGroupedRDD to give (K, Array[Iterable[_]]) to avoid wrappers
9b4c6e8 [Matei Zaharia] Use CompactBuffer in CoGroupedRDD
ed577ab [Matei Zaharia] Use CompactBuffer in groupByKey
10f0de1 [Matei Zaharia] A CompactBuffer that's more memory-efficient than ArrayBuffer for small buffers
[SPARK-2529] Clean closures in foreach and foreachPartition.

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

Closes #1583 from rxin/closureClean and squashes the following commits:

8982fe6 [Reynold Xin] [SPARK-2529] Clean closures in foreach and foreachPartition.
[SPARK-2665] [SQL] Add EqualNS & Unit Tests

Hive Supports the operator "<=>", which returns same result with EQUAL(=) operator for non-null operands, but returns TRUE if both are NULL, FALSE if one of the them is NULL.

Author: Cheng Hao <hao.cheng@intel.com>

Closes #1570 from chenghao-intel/equalns and squashes the following commits:

8d6c789 [Cheng Hao] Remove the test case orc_predicate_pushdown
5b2ca88 [Cheng Hao] Add cases into whitelist
8e66cdd [Cheng Hao] Rename the EqualNSTo ==> EqualNullSafe
7af4b0b [Cheng Hao] Add EqualNS & Unit Tests
replace println to log4j

Our program needs to receive a large amount of data and run for a long
time.
We set the log level to WARN but "Storing iterator" "received single"
as such message written to the log file. (over yarn)

Author: fireflyc <fireflyc@126.com>

Closes #1372 from fireflyc/fix-replace-stdout-log and squashes the following commits:

e684140 [fireflyc] 'info' modified into the 'debug'
fa22a38 [fireflyc] replace println to log4j
[SPARK-2683] unidoc failed because org.apache.spark.util.CallSite uses Java keywords as value names

Renaming `short` to `shortForm` and `long` to `longForm`.

JIRA: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2683

Author: Yin Huai <huai@cse.ohio-state.edu>

Closes #1585 from yhuai/SPARK-2683 and squashes the following commits:

5ddb843 [Yin Huai] "short" and "long" are Java keyworks. In order to generate javadoc, renaming "short" to "shortForm" and "long" to "longForm".
[SPARK-2410][SQL] Merging Hive Thrift/JDBC server

JIRA issue:

- Main: [SPARK-2410](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2410)
- Related: [SPARK-2678](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2678)

Cherry picked the Hive Thrift/JDBC server from [branch-1.0-jdbc](https://github.com/apache/spark/tree/branch-1.0-jdbc).

(Thanks chenghao-intel for his initial contribution of the Spark SQL CLI.)

TODO

- [x] Use `spark-submit` to launch the server, the CLI and beeline
- [x] Migration guideline draft for Shark users

----

Hit by a bug in `SparkSubmitArguments` while working on this PR: all application options that are recognized by `SparkSubmitArguments` are stolen as `SparkSubmit` options. For example:

```bash
$ spark-submit --class org.apache.hive.beeline.BeeLine spark-internal --help
```

This actually shows usage information of `SparkSubmit` rather than `BeeLine`.

~~Fixed this bug here since the `spark-internal` related stuff also touches `SparkSubmitArguments` and I'd like to avoid conflict.~~

**UPDATE** The bug mentioned above is now tracked by [SPARK-2678](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2678). Decided to revert changes to this bug since it involves more subtle considerations and worth a separate PR.

Author: Cheng Lian <lian.cs.zju@gmail.com>

Closes #1399 from liancheng/thriftserver and squashes the following commits:

090beea [Cheng Lian] Revert changes related to SPARK-2678, decided to move them to another PR
21c6cf4 [Cheng Lian] Updated Spark SQL programming guide docs
fe0af31 [Cheng Lian] Reordered spark-submit options in spark-shell[.cmd]
199e3fb [Cheng Lian] Disabled MIMA for hive-thriftserver
1083e9d [Cheng Lian] Fixed failed test suites
7db82a1 [Cheng Lian] Fixed spark-submit application options handling logic
9cc0f06 [Cheng Lian] Starts beeline with spark-submit
cfcf461 [Cheng Lian] Updated documents and build scripts for the newly added hive-thriftserver profile
061880f [Cheng Lian] Addressed all comments by @pwendell
7755062 [Cheng Lian] Adapts test suites to spark-submit settings
40bafef [Cheng Lian] Fixed more license header issues
e214aab [Cheng Lian] Added missing license headers
b8905ba [Cheng Lian] Fixed minor issues in spark-sql and start-thriftserver.sh
f975d22 [Cheng Lian] Updated docs for Hive compatibility and Shark migration guide draft
3ad4e75 [Cheng Lian] Starts spark-sql shell with spark-submit
a5310d1 [Cheng Lian] Make HiveThriftServer2 play well with spark-submit
61f39f4 [Cheng Lian] Starts Hive Thrift server via spark-submit
2c4c539 [Cheng Lian] Cherry picked the Hive Thrift server