WIP: Introduce Rubocop to ensure code style 

References discussion in #2499 and includes code from #2500

In short this aims to correct inconsistencies in Jekyll's current code style and provide a means of checking code style is maintained in future contributions. Jekyll will be following the [GitHub Ruby Styleguide](https://github.com/styleguide/ruby).

- [ ] TODO: this todo list :sunglasses:
Please add `vendor/**/*` here, too! Currently broken on Travis (we're running against our dependencies, too, which is not what we want)