Append missing padding after last field of struct

This patch fixes issue #13186.

When generating constant expression for enum, it is possible that
alignment of expression may be not equal to alignment of type.  In that
case space after last struct field must be padded to match size of value
and size of struct. This commit adds that padding.

See detailed explanation in src/test/run-pass/trans-tag-static-padding.rs
Be more clear about what this lambda expression does
Give more explanation when introducing closures
Demonstrate accessing external variable in first example
Some more closure changes
rustc: Don't die on 0-length pattern idents

These often crop up when using default methods that don't actually bind their
argument names.

Closes #13775
Fix typo
Remove extra semicolons
Suggested revisions to PR 13676.

Most important: distinguish function decl sugar for omitting `-> ()`
from type inference on closures.  I also tried to add a couple more
examples to further emphasize this distinction.  Note that this sugar
(of omitting `-> ()`) is actually already briefly mentioned in an
earlier section, so it is a little tricky deciding whether to put more
material here, or to move it up to the previous section.

Other drive-by fixes:

 * Fix the line length of the code blocks to fit in the width provided
   in the rendered HTML

 * Some minor revisions to wording (e.g. try to clarify in some cases
   where a type mismatch is arising).
native: Always open a file with Open/Write modes

Previously, windows was using the CREATE_NEW flag which fails if the file
previously existed, which differed from the unix semantics. This alters the
opening to use the OPEN_ALWAYS flag to mirror the unix semantics.

Closes #13861
Merge pull request #1 from pnkfelix/clarify-omit-unit-vs-inference

Suggested revisions to PR 13676.
Add a `graphviz` crate for making .dot files to layout and render graphs.
Updated maybe_owned_vec with review feedback.

Namely:

 * Added conversion traits both to and from the various vector types,
   analogous to how `str::MaybeOwned` works with `str::IntoMaybeOwned`
   and `str::Str`.  This led me to add the `FixedLen` variant of
   `MaybeOwnedVector` for interoperability with `std::slice`.

 * Revised client example code to make use of `into_maybe_owned`

 * Added implementations of `Show` and `CloneableVector` for
   `MaybeOwnedVector`.

 * As suggested by kballard, added `into_vec` method that is analogous
   to `CloneableVector::into_owned` except it produces a `Vec` rather
   than a `~[T]`.
rustdoc: escape shown input to prevent injection
Provide a note if method lookup fails and there are static definitions with the same name.
rustc: Remove the session building_library flag

This has long since not been too relevant since the introduction of many crate
type outputs. This commit removes the flag entirely, adjusting all logic to do
the most reasonable thing when building both a library and an executable.

Closes #13337
rustc: Crawl static initializers for reachability

This ensures that private functions exported through static initializers will
actually end up being public in the object file (so other objects can continue
to reference the function).

Closes #13620
libsyntax: Add `box PAT` to the pattern grammar. RFC #14.
Refactor `rslt` to `Result::new`
shootout-mandelbrot rewrite

- removed warning
- improved performances
- parallelization