rbd: store snapshot id instead of index

(cherry picked from commit 77dfe99fe3cb0b2b0545e19e2d57b7a9134ee3c0)

When a device was open at a snapshot, and snapshots were deleted or
added, data from the wrong snapshot could be read. Instead of
assuming the snap context is constant, store the actual snap id when
the device is initialized, and rely on the OSDs to signal an error
if we try reading from a snapshot that was deleted.

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@dreamhost.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Elder <elder@dreamhost.com>
Reviewed-by: Yehuda Sadeh <yehuda@hq.newdream.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>