mk: Get "make check" passing with --disable-rpath

This involves passing through LD_LIBRARY_PATH through more places, specifically
in the compiletest, run-make, and doctest runners.
Gate default type parameter overrides.
Fixes #12423.
std: minor whitespace cleanup
replace manual Hash impls with `#[deriving(Hash)]`
test: Use `#[deriving(Hash)]` in a couple tests
rustc: rename `hash` to the proper name `state`
Add link to libtest in doc index
Remove references to guide-conditions

std::condition was removed in 454882dcb7fdb03867d695a88335e2d2c8f7561a
but there are still links to the guide. Removing them.
auto merge of #12525 : eddyb/rust/gate-default-type-param-usage, r=alexcrichton

Also reverted `#[deriving(Hash)]` to implement `Hash` only for `SipState`, until we decide what to do about default type params.
auto merge of #12522 : erickt/rust/hash, r=alexcrichton

This patch series does a couple things:

* replaces manual `Hash` implementations with `#[deriving(Hash)]`
* adds `Hash` back to `std::prelude`
* minor cleanup of whitespace and variable names.
auto merge of #12530 : alexcrichton/rust/make-check-no-rpath, r=brson

This involves passing through LD_LIBRARY_PATH through more places, specifically
in the compiletest, run-make, and doctest runners.
typeck: Remove old diagnostic that refers to `do`.
Use only the appropriate trait when looking up operator overloads.
resolve: Remove all the operator overloads from trait_map.
resolve: Don't use @RefCell in trait_map, nothing modifies its entries.
auto merge of #12537 : kballard/rust/add-test-to-doc-index, r=alexcrichton
test: Clean out the test suite a bit

This updates a number of ignore-test tests, and removes a few completely
outdated tests due to the feature being tested no longer being supported.

This brings a number of bench/shootout tests up to date so they're compiling
again. I make no claims to the performance of these benchmarks, it's just nice
to not have bitrotted code.

Closes #2604
Closes #9407
Add a method of manually specifying the crate map

Apparently weak linkage and dlopen aren't quite working out for applications
like servo on android. There appears to be a bug or two in how android loads
dynamic libraries and for some reason libservo.so isn't being found.

As a temporary solution, add an extern "C" function to libstd which can be
called if you have a handle to the crate map manually. When crawling the crate
map, we then check this manual symbol before falling back to the old solutions.

cc #11731
tutorial: clearer explanation of freezing.

- "Lending an immutable pointer" might be confusing. It was not discussed why borrowed pointers are immutable in the first place.
- Make it clear that the borrowed pointers are immutable even if the variable was declared with `mut`.
- Make it clear that we cannot even assign anything to the variable while its value is being borrowed.

tutorial: change "--" to an em-dash.

tutorial: change instances of "--" to em-dash.
Update LLVM

Upstream LLVM has changed slightly such that our PassWrapper.cpp no longer
comiles (travis errors). This updates the bundled LLVM to the latest nightly
which will hopefully fix the travis errors we're seeing.