Suggested revisions to PR 13676.

Most important: distinguish function decl sugar for omitting `-> ()`
from type inference on closures.  I also tried to add a couple more
examples to further emphasize this distinction.  Note that this sugar
(of omitting `-> ()`) is actually already briefly mentioned in an
earlier section, so it is a little tricky deciding whether to put more
material here, or to move it up to the previous section.

Other drive-by fixes:

 * Fix the line length of the code blocks to fit in the width provided
   in the rendered HTML

 * Some minor revisions to wording (e.g. try to clarify in some cases
   where a type mismatch is arising).