sheep: introduce ledger objects

This introduces ledger objects, which keeps track of the number of
outstanding references of each generation.  Sheep decrements a
generational reference count with a gateway request SD_OP_DECREF_OBJ,
and reclaims objects when there is no generational reference.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep: decrement generational reference count on vdi deletion

This removes old vdi deletion code, which reclaims objects only when
all relevant snapshots are deleted, and uses a generational reference
counting algorithm.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep: decrement generational reference count on copy-on-write

This decrements a reference count of the old data object when
allocating a new data object on CoW.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep: remove max children limit

We no longer need it.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep: introduce sparse objects

We don't need to care about a fragmentation when
 - the object is unlikely to be accessed sequentially, and
 - the object is read-only.

In that sense, we can make the objects sparse if they are not data
objects and writable ones.

This fixes the problem that sheepdog consumes many disk spaces for
deleted vdi objects if your filesystem supports FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheepdog proto: recycle old child_vdi_id for storing btree_counter

Now the area isn't used and clients (QEMU and tgt) don't care about
it, we can recycle it for storing the btree_counter.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep: get_request() for deferred response

With the new function, response message to clients can be deferred
safely without blocking the main thread.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep, dog: prevent COW during snapshot creation

Current generational reference counting scheme for garbage collection
of snapshot object requires mutual exclusion between COW operation and
snapshot creation. This patch adds operations for preventing/allowing
COW temporally.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
dog: add a new subcommand "dog vdi object dump-inode" for diagnosing inode object

How to use:
$ dog vdi object dump-inode <path of inode file>

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep: reduce needless remove request during object reclamation

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep, dog: migrate deletion process from sheep to dog

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
sheep: update store format version to v5

This patchset introduces two important change for sheep store:
1. generational reference counting: adding ledger object and expand
   inode object for generation reference
2. changing a place of btree_counter in inode object

Incrementing SD_FORMAT_VERSION in either of them would be
confusing. So this independent patch updates the number.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
tests: show ledger objects in list

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
doc: add documentation of object reclaim algorithm

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
tests/functional: add test for object reclaim

This patch also removes existing test 086. 086 tests the clone
functionality and it depends on a max number of clones. But the object
reclaim scheme removes the maximum number. Hence the test becomes
obsolete. This patch adds a new test for the object reclaim as 086.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
update CHANGELOG.md for new object reclaim scheme and "dog vdi object dump-inode"

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
tests/functional: add a new test of the object reclaim for cloned VDIs

This patch adds a new test of the object reclaim algorithm. The test
creates branch of VDI tree and checks the GC works well for the case.

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
tests/functional: new test of object reclaim for a case of continuously snapshotted VDI

Cc: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Valerio Pachera <sirio81@gmail.com>
Cc: Alessandro Bolgia <alessandro@extensys.it>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>