Renamed get_template_from_string to from_string.

The shorter name is just as explicit and, well, shorter.
Cleaned up the django.template namespace.

Since this module is going to hold both the implementation of the Django
Template Language and the infrastructure for Multiple Template Engines,
it should be untied from the DTL as much as possible within our
backwards-compatibility policy.

Only public APIs (i.e. APIs mentioned in the documentation) were left.
Imported BaseEngine from the DEP.

i18n is left aside for now.
Added initial support for loading template engines.
Added dummy template backend.
Added jinja2 template backend.
Added Django template backend.
Looked up the default template engine in the list of all engines.

As the default engine now depends on TEMPLATES, the entire test suite
must be adapter wherever it relied on the TEMPLATE_* settings.
Removed private API django.template.loader.find_template.
Removed some uses of global APIs from django.template.loader.
Supported multiple template engines in get_template and select_template.
Added support for explicitly selecting an engine.
Removed private API get_template_from_string.
Removed extraneous arguments in Engine.from_string.

This aligns the Django Template Engine API with the common template
backend API.
Passed a reference to the current engine when instanciating Template.
Supported multiple template engines in render_to_string.

Adjusted its API through a deprecation path according to the DEP.
Added a comment about the last use of Engine.get_default().
Moved context_processors from django.core to django.template.