Phases for elliptical, sagitta, and skew

This extends the systematic misalignment tools. It allows the selection of the direction for certain deformations.

I was asked by the conveners to create this pull request to generalize the systematic misalignment tools.

See slides here: https://indico.cern.ch/event/243962/session/1/contribution/6/material/slides/2.pdf

This is a backport of pull request #2389 in 71X.