[SDAG] Start plumbing an assert into SDValues that we don't form one
with a result number outside the range of results for the node.

I don't know how we managed to not really check this very basic
invariant for so long, but the code is *very* broken at this point.
I have over 270 test failures with the assert enabled. I'm committing it
disabled so that others can join in the cleanup effort and reproduce the
issues. I've also included one of the obvious fixes that I already
found. More fixes to come.