(PUP-2924) Initialize resources from Type classes

This patch extends the signature of `Puppet::Resource#initialize` to accept
subclasses of `Puppet::Type` as arguments. This allows `resource_type` to be
set during initialzation for some cases and eliminates a later, costly, call to
`environment.known_resource_types`.
Merge pull request #2979 from Sharpie/pup-2924-resource-new-types

(PUP-2924) Initialize resources from Type classes