ALSA: PCM: Fix some races at disconnection

commit 9b0573c07f278e9888c352aa9724035c75784ea0 upstream.

Fix races at PCM disconnection:
- while a PCM device is being opened or closed
- while the PCM state is being changed without lock in prepare,
  hw_params, hw_free ops

Reported-by: Matthieu CASTET <matthieu.castet@parrot.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>